International Journal of Smart Electrical Engineering, Vol.8, No.4,Fall 2019 ISSN: 2251-9246
EISSN: 2345-6221
149
Energy Scheduling in Power Market under Stochastic
Dependence Structure
Mehdi Farhadkhani
1
Electricity Economics & Energy Research Group, Niroo Research Institute (NRI),Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Since the emergence of power market, the target of power generating utilities has mainly switched from cost minimization to
revenue maximization. They dispatch their power energy generation units in the uncertain environment of power market. As a
result, multi-stage stochastic programming has been applied widely by many power generating agents as a suitable tool for
dealing with self-scheduling strategies under uncertainty. However, dependence structure between stochastic variables has been
almost ignored in the literature. Copula function is a new concept in the probability and statistics field which has the capability
to represent the dependence structure among stochastic variables. However, Copula function has recently taken into account in
power system studies by some articles. In this article, self-scheduling strategy of a generation utility owning thermal units is
investigated while the dependence structure among stochastic load and market price variables is taking into account. We assume
that the generation utility is a price-taker agent in a power market, and it also has to meet the load of a specific region as a
retailer. The results indicates that as the stochastic dependence structure among load and price variables is considered in
modeling load and price scenarios, the output of unit commitment problem changes so that the revenue of generation utility
increases.
Keywords: Unit Commitment; Stochastic Dependence Structure; Multistage Stochastic Programming; Scenario Tree Construction; Copula
Function.
© 2019 IAUCTB-IJSEE Science. All rights reserved
1. Introduction
Energy scheduling is the main task of power
generation companies and system operators to take
profit from energy trade in power market, reduce
generation costs, and maintain power system
security. Energy scheduling is mainly conducted
through unit commitment, unit on/off scheduling.
Hence, unit commitment decisions are significant to
maintain reliability and cost efficiency in the power
system as a whole. In general, the goal of unit
commitment problem is to find a unit on/off
schedule that minimizes the commitment and
dispatch costs of meeting the forecasted system load,
taking into account various physical, inter-temporal
constraints for generating resources, transmission,
and system reliability requirements [1].
From a system operator view, in the event that
the actual system condition obviously deviates from
the expected condition, the system operator needs to
take corrective actions such as committing
expensive fast-start generators, voltage reduction, or
load shedding in emergency situations to maintain
system security [1]. In the other hand, a generation
utility tries to reduce the cost and maximize the
revenues of power energy generation by producing
energy in peak energy price hours.
Hence, this energy scheduling model is a
typically large-scale stochastic optimization
decision making model which takes into account
stochastic input parameters such as the demand for
replacement reserves, wind and solar power energy
production forecasts, load and market price
forecasts. The model evaluates optimal unit
commitment and economic dispatch at hourly time-
resolution and minimizes the expected value of
production costs of the system that comprises fuel
cost, start-up cost, and variable operation and
maintenance cost [2].
pp.149:155