Incremental and Radical Innovation by U.S. Automobile Manufacturers, 1885-1981: An Ecological Perspective Tai-Young Kim SKK Graduate School of Business Sungkyunkwan University Email: mnkim@skku.edu Tel: 82-2740-1514 Fax: 82-2-740-1513 Anand Swaminathan Goizueta Business School Emory University Email: anand.swaminathan@emory.edu Tel: 1-404-727-2306 Fax: 1-404-727-6663 Albert C Y Teo Department of Management and Organization National University of Singapore Email: albertteo@nus.edu.sg Tel: 65-6874-6444 Fax: 65-6775-5571 October 13, 2015 * This research was supported by Stanford Graduate School of Business, and Department of Management of Organizations, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. The research reported in this paper draws from a larger collaborative project on the worldwide automobile industry by Michael Hannan and Glenn Carroll, whose advice we have benefited from and appreciate. We also appreciate the helpful comments of Glenn Carroll, Stanislav Dobrev, Martin Ruef, and Olav Sorenson on earlier drafts of this paper. All errors, of course, are ours.