Gundelia rosea seed: Evaluation of biopharmaceutical potential and bioactive composition A. Dalar a, ⁎, G. Zengin b , M. Mukemre c , A.S. Bengu d , S. İşler e a Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey c Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey d Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, University of Bingol, Turkey e Department of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey abstract article info Article history: Received 10 May 2019 Received in revised form 3 July 2019 Accepted 16 August 2019 Available online xxxx Edited by AR Ndhlala Gundelia species are among significant key medicinal plants extensively utilized in folk medicine of Middle East- ern countries. This study focused on researching the biopharmaceutical potency and bioactive compounds of Gundelia rosea seed. Hereby, traditional knowledge-based preparing methods (infusion and decoction) and ethanol-based lyophilized extracts obtained from Gundelia rosea seeds were assessed for (i) antioxidant capaci- ties, (ii) enzyme inhibitory activities, (iii) HPLC-MS/MS and (iv) GC–MS studies. Phytochemical analysis revealed that ethanol extract which primarily compromised of mainly phenolics (4-Caffeoylquinic acid and luteolin hexoside) and several fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids), was superior to those of infusion and decoction extracts. Antioxidant activities findings revealed that ethanol extract contained a high level of total phenolics (55.3 mg Gallic acid Eq./g extract) and had high capacities of re- ducing (1683 μmol Fe 2+ and 214.1 mg Trolox Eq./g extract for FRAP and CUPRAC respectively) and radical scav- enging (ORAC: 2241.9 μmol, DPPH: 91.7 mg, ABTS: 141.2 mg Trolox Eq./g extract) and total antioxidant (Phosphomolybdenum: 1.39 mmol Trolox Eq./g extract) properties. The suppressive abilities of the extracts against selected isolated enzymes revealed that ethanol extract had pronounced levels of inhibitory activities against AChE (4.3 mg Galanthamine Eq.), BChE (3.4 mg Galanthamine Eq.), tyrosinase (120 mg Kojic acid Eq.), amylase (0.61 mmol Acarbose Eq.), glucosidase (11.91 mmol Acarbose Eq.) and lipase (53.4 μmol Orlistat Eq.) per gram extract. Findings obtained within this study confirmed the traditional utilization of Gundelia rosea and suggest its potential as a novel candidate of biopharmaceutical agents for public health problems. © 2019 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Gundelia rosea 4-Caffeoylquinic acid Fatty acids Biopharmaceuticals 1. Introduction Gundelia taxa known as tumbleweed belong to Asteraceae are pe- rennial medicinal plants native to Middle Eastern countries. They have been utilized for a wide range of diseases treatment in traditional med- icine such as chest pain, heart stroke, diabetes, laxative, gastric pain, bronchitis, inflammations, dental abscess, epilepsy and kidney stones (Halabi et al., 2005; Jarald et al., 2008; Sarper et al., 2009; Dalar et al., 2018). Scientific studies regards to Gundelia species such as in vitro an- tioxidant and enzyme inhibitory (Sekeroglu et al., 2012), antitumor in cell culture (Abu-Lafi et al., 2019), in vivo antidiabetic (Mohammadi et al., 2018; Kadan et al., 2018) activities and phytochemical composi- tion (Haghi et al., 2011; Sekeroglu et al., 2012; Asgari et al., 2015; Kadan et al., 2018; Abu-Lafi et al., 2019) were principally focused on Gundelia tournefortii and scientific data with regard to biopharmaceuti- cal potential of other Gundelia species were limited. In Turkey, Gundelia species have been commonly used for a wide range of utilization including medicine, food, forage, chewing gum and coffee (Sekeroglu et al., 2012; Dalar et al., 2018). Among them, Gundelia rosea locally known as kengerreş were grown in West Iran, Northern of Iraq and Eastern parts of Turkey. It has been traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes and epilepsy in Turkey. Additionally, a chewing gum has been obtained and sold by local healers from its latex, which is used in the treatment of digestive problems. Moreover, in rural areas of Eastern Anatolia such as Gürpınar provinces, a local coffee is prepared from seeds of Gundelia rosea. Infusion and/or decoction pre- pared from Gundelia rosea has been extensively used traditionally for the treatment of epilepsy, diabetes and digestive ailments in Eastern Anatolia. This study focused on the answer of the following question: What are the biologically important chemical compounds of the Gundelia rosea? and is there any association between biological activi- ties and traditional usage of Gundelia rosea? Therefore, this study South African Journal of Botany 125 (2019) 505–510 ⁎ Corresponding author at: Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Campus of Zeve, Van 65090, Turkey. E-mail address: dalar.abdullah@yyu.edu.tr (A. Dalar). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.08.024 0254-6299/© 2019 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb