IJHOSCR International Journal of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Research 5 Review Article IJHOSCR 11(1) - ijhoscr.tums.ac.ir – January, 1, 2017 Optimizing Stem Cells Mobilization Strategies to Ameliorate Patient Outcomes: a Review of Guide lines and Recommendations Saeed Mohammadi, Ashraf Malek Mohammadi, Mohsen Nikbakht, Amir Hossein Norooznezhad, Kamran Alimoghaddam, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Corresponding Author: Kamran Alimoghaddam, MD. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Tel: +982184902635 Fax: +982188004140 E-mail: Alimgh@sina.tums.ac.ir Received: 25, Jul, 2016 Accepted: 5, Dec, 2016 ABSTRACT Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) is an effective treatment for hematological malignancies. Mobilization of peripheral blood progenitor cells performs in different ways among transplantation centers. Forceful mobilization schedules are comprised of growth factor alone, chemotherapy along with growth factor and also, a newly combination of novel agent such as plerixafor with any approach. With the appearance of numerous modifications in stem cell mobilization field over the past decade and advent of novel stem cell mobilization techniques, it seems to be necessary to review recent publications about stem cell mobilization strategies to respond above cited issues. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1996–2016) of English-language literature using the terms mobilization, Allogeneic Stem Cells Transplantation, Autologous Stem Cells Transplantation and technical aspects of apheresis. Although many institutions have established their own procedures to improve stem cell mobilization success rates accompanying cost-effectiveness considerations, an optimal stem cell mobilization regimen and methods have not been well-defined, yet. Practical guidelines are required to address critical clinical issues including proper growth factor, the most Impressive chemotherapy and its dosage and appropriate time for leukapheresis initiation. Hence, based on literature, we prepared practical guidelines in this review. Keywords: Stem cell, Mobilization, Peripheral blood, Transplantation INTRODUCTION Hematopoietic Stem cells transplantation (HSCT) is become a curative option for patients who suffer from hematological malignancies. 1,2 The usage of both autologous and allogeneic HSCT for adults and pediatric has exceedingly increased, over the past several decades. Small amounts of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are able to circulate in Peripheral blood (PB). 3 So, HSCs mobilization from bone marrow (BM) to PB and their collection can be crucial element of HSCT programs. 4,5 Despite the vast using of peripheral stem cells transplantation (PBSCT) as therapeutic strategy, it is difficult to achieve a consensus about its parameters. These parameters are type of growth factor and its optimal dosage, effectiveness type of chemotherapy and its dosage and how to predict poor mobilize patients and which time is best to initiate leukapheresis. 6 Nowadays, most transplantation institutions have adjusted own strategies according to their priorities and resource availabilities. Therefore, there are not any standard identical approaches. Hence, this paper aims to review current literature and guide lines on mobilization strategies to underscore the importance of mentioned problems.