An Efficient Layout of Single-Layer Full
Adder Using QCA
Nilesh Patidar and Namit Gupta
Abstract Quantum cellular automata (QCA) is a new method of computation used
in designing of electronic digital circuits at scale of nanometers. QCA has been used
to achieve better performance in cell density, high switching speed and low power
dissipation. An adder is a very useful component used for designing of arithmetic
digital devices. This paper presents a layout of full adder designed on single layer
which is efficient in various aspects based on QCA technology proposed. The goal
of the research is to minimize the cells used, designed area and delay in designing
of full adder based on QCA. The proposed layout of full adder has been efficient
in number of cells used, designed area as well as latency in clocks. The proposed
layout has been designed using XOR gate and majority voter. The proposed lay-
out of adder consist of 24 cells with an optimized area of 0.016 μm
2
and 2-clock
phases (~0.125 ps) which shows more efficient from previous work on adders.
The layout of full adder has been successfully designed and simulated using
QCADesigner-E 2.2.
Keywords Adder · Nano-electronics · QCA
1 Introduction
In 1965, great scientist Gorden Moore predicted that the integration of number of
cells or transistors on a single silicon wafer shall be doubled in every 18 months.
Nowadays, more reduction in sizing of transistor may not be possible due to some
problems in physical integration using CMOS technology. The CMOS has various
physical limitations faced in fabrication techniques as we approach the nanometer
regime. Due to this, CMOS devices are prone to new realization challenges where
device density puts an upper limit in integration due to short channel effect and higher
N. Patidar (B ) · N. Gupta
Department of Electronics Engineering, SVITS, SVVV, Indore, India
e-mail: neel.s.patidar@gmail.com
N. Gupta
e-mail: namitg@hotmail.com
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
M. Pant et al. (eds.), Soft Computing: Theories and Applications,
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 1154,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4032-5_17
165