2000
Surpassing Online Learning Obstacles
Dilermando Piva Jr.
Faculty of Technology of Indaiatuba, Brazil
Ricardo Luís de Freitas
Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil
Gilberto S. Nakamiti
Catholic University of Campinas, Brazil
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IntroductIon
In the last decade, the use of Internet and wide-band
access have supported the spread of distance learning
through the Web, which we will call Online Teach-
ing. Schools and universities have been rethinking
their teaching practices and educational policies in
establishing online teaching programs. Online Teach-
ing becomes not only a new pedagogical model or an
educational technology, but also a new social model
and technology, gathering each time more students at
decreasing costs.
Nevertheless, Online Teaching is far from achiev-
ing its maximum potential. Personal, methodological,
technological, and institutional restrictions are usually
associated with important limitations. As an example,
teachers may not attend many students without affecting
the quality of the online learning process. Clearly, this
may impose serious restrictions to a major growth of
the number of students attended and/or the quality of
the learning process.
This work presents a computational tool, called
AUXILIAR, designed to aid the teacher in managing
the classes, to monitor courses, and to conduct and
redirect the students learning process in online courses.
The system shall decrease the teachers’ time and ef-
fort in managing the classes and the students learning
process, measuring the students learning levels to as-
sure the teaching quality. The system AUXILIAR is
composed of two modules. The frst one contains an
edition, diagramming, and publication tool for online
courses, called CONSTRUCTOR. The second one,
called REASONING, manages the path followed by
each student when exploring the courses contents. It
is also responsible to automatically detect and redirect
the student, depending on his/her defciencies, detected
by the followed path and by formative evaluations.
To achieve this, it uses a Case-Based System, which
stores, adapts and reuses previous experiences to new
situations.
Background
Among the studies that relate obstacles to the effective
use and spread of technology in online courses, we
could include Pajo and Wallace (2001) that pointed
as the main restrictions: 1) the time required to learn
how to use the technology; 2) the time required to
develop and to implement web-based courses; and 3)
the time required to use the Online Teaching environ-
ment, and to monitor the course, e.g. giving feedback
to the students.
As a similar perspective, James and Beattie (1996)
indicated the main obstacles to be: 1) the time required
for the management of the class and the students; 2)
the time required to produce good quality teaching
materials; and 3) the comparative reward in teaching
at distance when compared to traditional teaching.
Similar results are also present in (Daugherty &
Funke, 1998; Metcalf, 1997; Hare & McCartan, 1996;
Piva Jr et al, 2002), among others.
The minimization of such obstacles when using
computational tools becomes of major concern. More-
over, methodological strategies that could be integrated
into computational tools focusing on a more effcient
management of the teaching-learning process, thereby
minimizing the needed effort of the teacher/mediator
without worsening the learning levels, would also be
highly desirable.