sustainability Article Developing Hospital Emergency and Disaster Management Index Using TOPSIS Method Mohammad Mojtahedi 1, * , Riza Yosia Sunindijo 1 , Fatma Lestari 2 , Suparni 3 and Oktomi Wijaya 4   Citation: Mojtahedi, M.; Sunindijo, R.Y.; Lestari, F.; Suparni; Wijaya, O. Developing Hospital Emergency and Disaster Management Index Using TOPSIS Method. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5213. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su13095213 Academic Editors: Marc A. Rosen and Paulo Santos Received: 2 March 2021 Accepted: 3 May 2021 Published: 7 May 2021 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). 1 School of Built Environment, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; r.sunindijo@unsw.edu.au 2 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia; fatma@ui.ac.id 3 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Dharma Husada, Bandung 40282, Indonesia; nsuparni@stikesdhb.ac.id 4 Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55166, Indonesia; oktomi.wijaya@ikm.uad.ac.id * Correspondence: m.mojtahedi@unsw.edu.au Abstract: Indonesia is a country prone to experiencing natural hazards and disasters, which have frequently damaged public infrastructure, including hospitals. The role of hospitals is crucial to alleviate the impact of disasters. However, there is still a lack of study that analyzes the factors that influence the readiness of hospitals in emergency situations. Filling in this gap, the aim of this paper is to analyze and rank hospitals across West Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia by the resilience of their emergency management approaches. This research seeks to measure hospital resiliency during emergencies and disasters. Results indicate that the emergency and disaster management coordination, response and disaster recovery planning, communication and information management, logistics and evacuation, human resources, finance, patient care and support services, decontamination and security are key attributes for the decision-making matrix. Based on the Hospital Safety Index tool, this research proposes the Hospital Emergency and Disaster Management (HEDM) index by combining the key attributes and sub-attributes using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) as a multi-attribute decision-making technique. The paper concludes that the anticipated benefits of analyzing the resilience of hospitals by using HEDM is the identification of the most susceptible hospitals based on their levels of readiness and resiliency in areas which are prone to experiencing disasters. This prioritization is important for resource allocation and budget planning. Keywords: hospital emergency and disaster management; hospital resiliency; hospital safety index; Indonesia; TOPSIS 1. Introduction Over the past decades, significant growth in the frequency, scale and intensity of natural hazards including pandemics, wildfires, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, storms and major floods has had devastating impacts on the societies and built environments [1]. The health infrastructures, particularly in developing countries, are vulnerable to the impact of natural hazards [2,3]. Often hospital buildings are damaged by disasters and, as a result, their health service delivery is significantly compromised. Although numerous researchers have paid attention to the critical role of hospitals in society to serve injuries in emergency conditions, less attention has been devoted to the preparedness, recovery, and resilience of hospitals [4]. It is expected that hospitals need to be fully operational during and after disasters. World Health Assembly made a resolution to achieve this aspiration in 1981. Over the years, preventive measures and preparedness for emergencies were established in the health sector globally [5]. Despite considerable progress, many hospitals in disaster-prone areas are still unprepared and, as a result, are not functioning during and after disasters [6]. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5213. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095213 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability