International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials Accepted manuscript, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2016-1 © University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Surface treatment of titanium dental implant using H 2 O 2 solution Mohammad Khodaei 1) , Kamran Amini 2) , Alireza Valanezhad 3) , and Ikuya Watanabe 3) 1) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Golpayegan University of Technology, Golpayegan 8771767498, Iran. 2) Center for Advanced Engineering Research, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan 196151194, Iran 3) Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 8528102, Japan. Corresponding author: Alireza Valanezhad E-mail: vala@nagasaki-u.ac.jp Abstract Surface treatment is essential for titanium and its alloys as promising candidates for dental implantation because of their bio-inertness. In this study, the surface of titanium samples was modified using H 2 O 2 solution at different times up to 72 h to improve its bioactivity. According to the results of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), some nano-structures are formed on the surface of treated titanium samples, and their size increased by increasing the time of treatment up to 24 h. After 24 h of treatment, the sharpness of nano-structures decreased and micro cracks and discontinuity in the coating surface increased. The results of X- ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Raman spectroscopy indicated that anatase (TiO 2 ) was formed on the surface of treated titanium samples. The peak intensity of Raman spectroscopy increased with increasing the treatment time up to 24 h and after that decreased because of the discontinuity of the coating. Maximum wettability and apatite forming ability were obtained at 6 h of treatment. It is evident that the treatment time has a significant effect on surface treatment of titanium using H 2 O 2 solution. Keywords: Titanium implant; Surface treatment; H 2 O 2 ; Anatase; Dental implant. 1- Introduction One of the major problems of dental and orthopedic titanium implants is the fixation of the interface between the implant and the adjacent hard tissue. The problems that arise from lack of fixation include: wear and wear product, movement and displacement of the implant and consequent infection of the tissue around the implant [1]. Implant fixation is made possible through three different methods, namely mechanical, biological and biochemical routes. Among all metallic biomaterials, titanium seems to be more suitable for load bearing implantation due to its low elasticity [2], good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility [3] and fatigue life [4]. However, titanium and its alloys suffer from bioinertness. Therefore, improving their bioactivity is still in