Recent Advances in Wastewater Sludge Valorization 10 Asmita Gupta, Madan Kumar, and Shaili Srivastava Abstract With a surge in the amount and complexity of wastewater in a rapidly urbanizing world, the challenge of maintaining an efficient treatment of wastewater in a cost- effective and environment-friendly way has to be met. Along with the generation of treated water, the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) generates huge amount of sludge on daily basis. The handling and disposal of sludge is a major problem associated with WWTPs. The sewage sludge in rich in valuable resources and can also be used for the production of energy. The application of biorefinery concept to wastewater treatment will provide a renewable source for the production of value-added products and bioenergy production. The production of bioplastics, bioflocculant, biofertilizer, biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen and recovery of phos- phorus, enzymes and proteins can be done from sewage sludge. The current trends and challenges in sludge management and biovalorization have been discussed. The biovalorization of sludge will make the overall wastewater treat- ment process more economical and environmentally sustainable. Keywords Wastewater · Sewage sludge · Biovalorization · Bioflocculant · Incineration · Gasification · Pyrolysis A. Gupta Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India M. Kumar Centre for Rural Development, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India S. Srivastava (*) Amity School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 S. Shah et al. (eds.), Bio-valorization of Waste, Environmental and Microbial Biotechnology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9696-4_10 225