IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-ISSN: 2279-0853, p-ISSN: 2279-0861.Volume 14, Issue 8 Ver. IX (Aug. 2015), PP 05-08 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/0853-14890508 www.iosrjournals.org 5 | Page A Comparative Study of Biochemical Indices between Control and Diabetic Patients *Anupama V. Betigeri, ** Vithalkumar. M. Betigeri, *** Reshma Ramu Dodawad * Assistant Professor, Department of Physiology, PGIMER Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India ** Professor, Department of CTVS, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute Of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, New Delhi, India ***Reader, Department of Pedodontics &Preventive Dentistry, Krishnadevaraya College Of Dental Sciences & Hospital Bangalore, Karnataka, India Abstract: Introduction: Diabetes is a major risk factor for number of noncommunicable diseases. Novel factors like lipid profiles have contributed as risk factors for coronary artery disease along with abdominal obesity. So a comparative study is done to know the extent of altered lipid metabolism in NIDDM. Methods: Lipid profiles along with blood sugar levels were done to know the effect of dyslipidemia. Available NIDDM patients with history of diabetes without any complication were taken and equal no. of age & sex matched normal healthy control subjects were recruited in the study. Results: TC showed a highly significant more value (P<0.001) in both male & female NIDDM patients when compared to control group. TG showed higher values in male NIDDM patient than control groups but not statistically significant. But female NIDDM patients showed statistically significant when compared to controls. HDL-C level was lower (P<0.05) in both male & female NIDDM patients when compared to control group. LDL-C showed significant higher value (P<0.01) in male NIDDM patients and (P<0.001) in female NIDDM patients when compared to control group . VLDL-C showed statistically significant higher value (P<0.01) in males & (P<0.001) in females NIDDM patients when compared to control group. Interpretation and Conclusions: Lipid profiles like, TC, LDL-C & TG are more in female NIDDM than male NIDDM patients & controls. Keywords: Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), Total cholesterol (TC), Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol(VLDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), Fasting blood sugar(FBS), Post prandial blood sugar(PPBS) I. Introduction India alone would have 57 million diabetes mainly of type – 2 diabetes constituting 90% of the diabetic population. Worldwide cases of diabetes is 150 million, and number is to be doubled by 2025 prevalence rate of about 5.4 per cent (1).Increase is due to the dramatic up surge in obesity between age group 25 & 84 years , & higher in males. Lipid abnormalities in NIDDM are secondary consequences of insulin resistance. The most important defect in insulin deficient subjects appears to be a deficiency of lipoproteins lipase which is responsible for the removal of the triglyceride rich lipoproteins. In NIDDM the defect is over production of VLDL, triglyceride, cholesterol & HDL-cholesterol levels are decreased in obese NIDDM (30,31) . Wide spread biochemical abnormalities are present but the fundamental defect to which most of the abnormalities can be traced are as follow- reduced entry of glucose into various peripheral tissues & increased liberation of glucose into the circulation from the liver. Therefore there is an extracellular glucose deficiency which, a situation that has been called as “starvation in due the midst of plenty” The entry of amino acid into muscle is dec reased & lipolysis increased (18). Increased catabolism of protein & fat produces the consequences of increased fat catabolism, that is ketosis. Principal abnormalities of fat metabolism in diabetes are acceleration of lipid catabolism with increased formation of ketone bodies and decreased synthesis of fatty acids & triglycerides (2), (9). The manifestations of the disordered lipid metabolism are so prominent that diabetes has been called “more a disease of lipid than of carbohydrate metabolism” (4). In uncontrolled diabetes the plasma concentration of triglycerides & chylomicrons as well as FFA is increased & the plasma is often lipemic. The rise in the constituents is due to mainly decreased removal of triglycerides into the fat depots. The decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase contributes to this decreased removal( 14).