Archives of Razi Institute, Vol. 76, No. 5 (2021) 1501-1508 Copyright © 2021 by
Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute
DOI: 10.22092/ari.2021.355622.1705
1. Introduction
The development of new materials and technology
has resulted in pollution of the air, land, and water as
human civilization has progressed. At levels of
milligrams or micrograms per kg of environmentally
hazardous compounds, natural or man-made
compounds, as biological unities, harm plants, animals,
and humans (1). Metal melting, mine drainage, other
anthropogenic activities and industrial processes, as
well as natural ones, such as volcanic eruptions, forest
fires, sea-salt sprays, rock erosion, and borne soil
particles, distribute inorganic contaminants throughout
the environment (2). Heavy metals are among the most
dangerous inorganic contaminants due to their toxicity
to both terrestrial and aquatic life.
Animals require metals, such as Cadmium (Cd),
Cobalt (Co), Manganese (Mn), and Zink (Zn), which
are involved in cellular metabolism, antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory defenses, gene expression, and protein
synthesis (3, 4). Heavy metal concentrations in the
environment are too excessive and become dangerous
to animals and plants. The Cd and Lead (Pb) are
primarily stored in the kidneys and liver, although they
can be found in high concentrations in the digestive
system and spleen (5). Heavy metals are difficult to
degrade and continue their presence in the environment
Original Article
Histopathological Study of Liver and Kidney Tissues in C57
Mice via Chronic Exposure to Cadmium and Zinc
Gattea Al-Rikabi, Z
1
, Abbas, A. H
1*
, Kadhum Oudah, H
1
, Sajer Nassir, H
1
, Ali, S. A
1
1. Ministry of Sciences and Technology, Environment and Water Directorate, Baghdad, Iraq
Received 2 August 2021; Accepted 30 August 2021
Corresponding Author: adn927an@gmail.com
Abstract
Heavy metals have a wide application in the industrial world, affecting the health and longevity of living
organisms. The current study assessed the possible effects of Cadmium (Cd) and Zinc (Zn) on the liver and
kidney. Therefore, 150 male and female white mice C57BL were treated in three different groups with 0.685
mg/L CdCl2. 2.5H2O (group 1), and 0.567 mg/L ZnSO4.7H2O (group 2) in drinking water, while the control
group only received water for 90 days to investigate how these elements accumulated in the liver/kidney and
evaluate the possible histological changes in the liver and kidney. During 90 days, the histopathological
consequences of Cd and Zn on the liver and kidneys were recorded. The results pointed out that exposure to
heavy metals, such as Cd and Zn, led to organ accumulation of these elements. The histological evaluations
demonstrated significant detrimental effects on the liver and kidney. Under the influence of Cd, light
microscopic examination revealed significant histological alterations in both organs. In the animals exposed to
Cd and Zn, histopathological alterations were observed in the liver, including extensive degeneration, necrosis,
depletion, and necrosis of hepatocytes with significant nuclear hypertrophy. When animals are exposed to Cd
and Zn, histological alterations in the kidneys include severe vascular degeneration and renal tubule necrosis. In
conclusion, heavy metal intoxication has been shown to cause histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys
of experimental animal models.
Keywords: Heavy metal, Accumulation, Liver, Kidney, Histopathology