KOBIETA ŻYDOWSKA – NOWE BADANIA I PERSPEKTYWY BADAWCZE. Część 2 Studia Judaica 24 (2021), nr 2 (48), s. 277–293 doi:10.4467/24500100STJ.21.012.15067 Anna Michałowska-Mycielska  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-5767 Działalność dobroczynna kobiet w gminach żydowskich w Rzeczypospolitej w XVI–XVIII wieku CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES OF WOMEN IN JEWISH COMMUNITIES IN THE POLISH-LITHUANIAN COMMONWEALTH BETWEEN THE SIXTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES Abstract: Charity was an important form of social activity of women in Jewish communities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, it was also a manifesta- tion of female piety. Charity is also an area—despite a clear distinction between gender and related social roles—where cooperation between men and women can be observed. Women were involved in charities as community offcials, associ- ates or members of charity brotherhoods, as well as acting individually. However, their activities were always largely subordinated and overshadowed by activities of men, and acting within the framework of community structures, they were subject to the regulations and control of men. It is also noticeable that women’s chari- table work was less formalized than that of men, which was probably due to the fact that women were less mobile and relied on family and neighborly contacts in their activities. Keywords: Jewish women, charity, Jewish communities, Polish-Lithuanian Com- monwealth, Early Modern period. Słowa kluczowe: kobiety żydowskie, dobroczynność, gminy żydowskie, Rzeczpo- spolita Obojga Narodów, epoka nowożytna. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działalności dobroczynnej kobiet i odpowiedź na pytanie, w jakim stopniu była ona wpisana w działania podejmowane w ramach struktur gminnych (zdominowanych przez męż- czyzn), a w jakim stanowiła obszar ich samodzielnej działalności.