Vol.2, No.2, 234-237 (2012) Journal of Diabetes Mellitus
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jdm.2012.22037
Use of antidepressants in diabetes patients not using
drugs, but only monitoring blood glucose
*
Oivind Hundal
1,2#
, Eva Biringer
2,3
, Inge Losnegard
4
, Anders Lund
2
1
Moodnet, Sjukehusapoteka Vest HF, Bergen, Norway;
#
Corresponding Author: oivind.hundal@kliniskmedisin.uib.no
2
Moodnet, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
3
Psychiatric Clinic, Helse Fonna HF, Stord, Norway
4
Helse Bergen HF, Bergen, Norway
Received 11 January 2012; revised 29 February 2012; accepted 28 March 2012
ABSTRACT
Objective: Patients with diabetes have an in-
creased Odds Ratio (OR) for depressive disor-
der. We wanted to investigate if patients with
metabolic syndrome and/or diabetes type 2 not
treated with antidiabetic agents, have an OR for
concurrent antidepressant use comparable to
other types of diabetes. Methods: Drug delivery
data from 25 pharmacies were analysed with
respect to sale of antidepressants, oral antidia-
betic agents, insulin and blood glucose test
strips. Results: Total population of the area was
337,019, whereas 254,083 were 18 or older. Of
these 20,139 were patients receiving insulin, oral
antidiabetics, glucose test strips and/or antide-
pressants. Those receiving antidepressants were
5.8% of those 18 or older whereas 2.4% received
any antidiabetic medication (including test strips
for HBGM). For patients receiving no medica-
tions but test strips alone, the adjusted OR for
use concurrent use of antidepressants was 1.62
(95% confidence interval: 1.19 - 2.23), p = 0.002.
For insulin-only receiving patients, the adjusted
OR was 1.65 (1.41 - 1.93), p = 0.000, whereas for
patients receiving only oral antidiabetics, it was
1.53 (1.38 - 1.71), p = 0.000. Patients receiving
both insulin and oral antidiabetics: 2.23 (1.75 -
2.85), p = 0.000. Conclusion: Patients receiving
only blood glucose strips have an OR of con-
currently receiving antidepressants, not differ-
ent from those receiving insulin only or oral
antidiabetics only.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes; Metabolic Syndrome;
Blood Glucose Strips; Depression; Comorbidity
1. INTRODUCTION
The British physician Thomas Willis in 1684 de-
scribed diabetes as “sadness or long sorrow and other
depressions and disorders”. Several studies have ad-
dressed the apparent connection between major depres-
sive disorder and diabetes. And this association is now
well established for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes [1-4].
There is no clear-cut division between metabolic syn-
drome and type 2 diabetes. Rather a continuum from
metabolic syndrome via diet-only regulated diabetes to
diabetes type 2 treated with oral antidiabetics.
We have found no studies that address diabetes type 2
patients that are treated with neither insulin nor oral
antidiabetic agents, but only use blood glucose strips for
home blood glucose monitoring (HBGM). As these pa-
tients do not use drugs as such for their diabetes, they are
not found in prescription registries. Manual collection of
data on test strips for HBGM is then relevant.
The aims of the present study were: First to describe
the Odds Ratio (OR) of use of antidepressants in patients
with receiving only insulin, only oral antidiabetics, or
receiving blood glucose strips. Second to compare the
ORs within the different types of diabetes.
2. METHODS
In Norway all drugs for regular and longlasting use are
covered by the public health care system. A prerequisite
is that the physician uses the authorised “Blue prescrip-
tion” which is mandatory for drugs reimbursed by the
health system. All patients receiving this type of pre-
scription have relevant and confirmed diagnoses. At each
delivery the patients receive sufficient medication and/or
equipment for 3 months use. Blood glucose strips are
covered the same way as insulin and oral antidiabetics.
The patients in this study have all been to the pharmacy
and obtained their medication and/or blood glucose
strips.
*
Disclosure: None of the authors have any interests to declare.
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