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Blood Purif 2013;36:231–236
DOI: 10.1159/000356362
Gender Differences in the Quality of Life
of Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Related to
Hepatitis C after Liver Transplantation
Tonino Bianco
d
Umberto Cillo
b
Piero Amodio
c
Giacomo Zanus
b
Annalisa Salari
d
Daniele Neri
b
Giancarlo Bombonato
c
Sami Schiff
c
Giovannella Baggio
a
Claudio Ronco
e, f
Alessandra Brocca
e, f
Sachin Soni
f
Lina Minazzato
d
a
Study Center of National Health and Gender Medicine, Padua Operating Unit,
b
Unit of Hepatobiliary Surgery,
c
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, and
d
Antalgic Therapy, Institute of Anesthesiology and
Reanimation, University of Padua, Padua,
e
Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, San Bortolo
Hospital, and
f
International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy
Introduction
The diagnosis of chronic liver disease has important
implications on the patient’s life, as it often marks the be-
ginning of frequent medical checkups and treatment. It
also involves the formalities related to enrolment into the
liver transplant waiting list. In addition to the clinical ef-
fects of the liver disease, the psychological stress related
to the continuous monitoring and assessments can affect
health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
The World Health Organization (WHO) refers to ‘qual-
ity of life’ as an individual’s perception of their position in
life in the context of the culture and value systems in which
they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, stan-
dards and concerns [1]. In this sense, the HRQoL is defined
as the set of physical, mental and social diseases assessed
by somatic symptoms, psychological status and social in-
teractions from the perspective of the patient, regardless of
their medical condition. The international scientific com-
munity is increasingly interested in the QoL concept, par-
ticularly for the patients with chronic diseases. QoL studies
can involve many different factors, ranging from the evalu-
ation of the different effects of different diseases on daily
Key Words
Gender differences · Hepatitis C · Liver transplantation ·
Pain perception · Quality of life · SF-36
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently
leads to chronic liver disease, which adversely affects the
quality of life (QoL) of the patient. The gender of the patient
may be an important variable in the way severity of the dis-
ease is perceived. The aim of our study is to evaluate the ef-
fect of the gender variable on QoL in HCV-positive patients.
Methods: This study included a total of 52 patients (26 men
and 26 women) who completed a 1-year follow-up after liver
transplantation. QoL was assessed using the SF-36 question-
naire. Results: Male subjects have significantly higher scores
on physical role functioning, bodily pain and physical activ-
ity compared with females. Females have a better QoL com-
pared to males with regard to the emotional state and men-
tal health. Conclusions: These results show a significant ef-
fect of the gender variable on QoL in HCV patients.
© 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
Published online: December 20, 2013
Claudio Ronco, MD
Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation
International Renal Research Institute Vicenza (IRRIV), San Bortolo Hospital
Viale Rodolfi, 37, IT–36100 Vicenza (Italy)
E-Mail cronco @ goldnet.it
© 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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