Pawar et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2019; 9(6-s):216-228 ISSN: 2250-1177 [216] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO Available online on 15.12.2019 at http://jddtonline.info Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research © 2011-18, publisher and licensee JDDT, This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited Open Access Review Article Importance of Nanocarriers and Probiotics in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Amandeep Singh 1 2 *, Kirandeep Kaur 1 , Veerpal Kaur 1 , Gurmeet Singh 1 , Uttam Kumar Mandal 2 , Neeraj Mishra 3 , Raj Kumar Narnag 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab, India 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda- 151001, Punjab, India. 3 Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India ABSTRACT Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory chronic disease primarily affecting the colonic mucosa; the extent and severity of colon involvement are variable. In its most limited form, it may be restricted to the distal rectum, while in its most extended form the entire colon is involved. Ulcerative colitis is identified by mucus diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel distension, and anemia. 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs, steroids, and immunosuppressant are used for therapy of ulcerative colitis. The annual occurrence of disease in Asia, America, and Europe was estimated to be 6.3, 19.2 and 24.3 per 100,000 people-years. The main challenges in the management of the diseaseare drug-related side-effects and local targeting. To overcome these challenges probiotics and micro and Nano particulate system auspicious approaches to overcome drug-related adverse side effect and local targeting. Upon ingestion, the probiotics can result in health beneficial effects. Probiotics are mainly used as gut modulators but are also now days explored for their use in ulcerative colitis. Micro and Nano particulate drug delivery system have been achieving huge importance for targeting of the drug to colon locally at a controlled and sustained rate. The main objective of this article is to explore probiotics and micro and nano particulate approaches for the suitable targeting and overcome the drug-associated side effect. Keywords: Inflammatory chronic disease, probiotics, micro and Nano particulate. Article Info: Received 03 Oct 2019; Review Completed 11 Nov 2019; Accepted 18 Nov 2019; Available online 15 Dec 2019 Cite this article as: Singh A, Kaur K, Kaur V, Singh G, Mandal UK, Mishra N, Narnag RK, Importance of Nanocarriers and Probiotics in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019; 9(6-s):216-228 http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i6-s.3727 *Address for Correspondence: Amandeep Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India Postal Code: 142001. INTRODUCTION IBD is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract and it isidentified by unrestricted inflammation caused by unsuitable and constant activation of the mucosal immune system. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are the different types of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which are very common, with associated significant morbidity and mortality[1],[2]. While the main reasons are mostly undetermined of the pathogenesis of IBD but the factors related to the environment and genetic vulnerability are found to be associated with it[3].Ulcerative colitis is chronic inflammatory disorders found in the intestinal tract that causes life-threatening issue and have an increasing occurrence worldwide [4]. Small intestine and large intestine or colon are the major areas involved in the IBD, which are manifested by the persistent inflammation in certain areas of mucosa[5]. It is determined by intermittent rectal bleeding, diarrhoea, rectal urgency and tenesmus[6]. In Western Europe, Asia and North America, this disease has an annual occurrence of approximately 24.3 per 100,000 populations every year, 6.3 per 100,000 per year and 19.2 per 100,000 populations every year, respectively. IBD is becoming a world disorder because of increasing occurrence and prevalences of it with respect to time. There is a very lower occurrence in Africa, South America and Asia[7]. It has been predicted that more than 1 million individuals suffered from IBD in the US, out of which, 100,000 are children. IBD is in 5th rank amid the most common gastrointestinal disorder. Epidemiology The occurrence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis have been expanding over time worldwide. Ulcerative colitis is mainly related to recurrent attacks with complete remission of symptoms. The increased incidence of the disease is more (three to six-fold more) in Jewish and it is more common in Caucasians than in black. In Western Europe occurrence of