Xanthium strumarium L. ASTERACEAE Rainer W. Bussmann, Ketevan Batsatsashvili, and Zaal Kikvidze Synonyms Xanthium strumarium L.: Xanthium americanum Walter; Xanthium cavanillesii Schouw; Xanthium chasei Fernald; Xanthium chinense Mill.; Xanthium curvescens Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium cylindricum Millsp. & Sherff; Xanthium echinatum Murray; Xanthium echinatum var. cavanillesii (Schouw) O. Bolòs & Vigo; Xanthium echinellum Greene ex Rydb.; Xanthium globosum C. Shull; Xanthium inaequilaterum DC.; Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq.; Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush; Xanthium italicum Moretti; Xanthium japonicum Widder; Xanthium mongolicum Kitag.; Xanthium natalense Widder; Xanthium orientale L.; Xanthium oviforme Wallr.; Xanthium pensylvanicum Wallr.; Xanthium pungens Wallr.; Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder; Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense H.G. Hou & Y.T. Lu; Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme Widder; Xanthium speciosum Kearney; Xanthium strumarium subsp. cavanillesii (Schouw) D. Löve & Dans.; Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter; Xanthium strumarium var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray; Xanthium strumarium var. cavanillesii (Schouw) D. Löve & Dans.; Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum R. W. Bussmann (*) Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia Saving Knowledge, La Paz, Bolivia e-mail: rainer.bussmann@iliauni.edu.ge; rbussmann@gmail.com K. Batsatsashvili Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia e-mail: ketevan_batt@yahoo.com; ketevan_batsatsashvili@iliauni.edu.ge Z. Kikvidze 4-D Research Institute, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia e-mail: zaal.kikvidze@iliauni.edu.ge © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 K. Batsatsashvili et al. (eds.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Central Asia and Altai, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77087-1_154-1 1