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Engineering Faculty’s Mindset and The
Impact on Instructional Practices
Fredericka Brown
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The University of Texas at Tyler
Tyler, Texas
fbrown@uttyler.edu
Kelly Cross
Department of Chemical Engineering
University of Nevada, Reno
Reno, Nevada
kcross@unr.edu
Abstract – This innovative practice work-in-progress presents
instructional practice through the lens of faculty mindset. The
importance of investigating novel and effective approaches to
recruit, retain, and graduate students in undergraduate
engineering programs from a more diverse range of cultural
backgrounds is becoming a focus for researchers in the field of
engineering education. A key area of investigation of retention
strategies is promoting change in instructional practices used in
the engineering classroom [1]. Moreover, many factors influence
engineering faculty’s instructional practices and in turn affect
retention and matriculation of students in engineering. Effective
change strategies of engineering faculty instructional practice are
tied to the belief of the individual faculty [2], [3]. While substantial
research studies address the strong connection between faculty’s
instructional practices and the effects on student achievement, less
research focuses on how faculty’s mindset drives instructional
practices and this study aims to fill this gap.
Dweck’s mindset theory guided this exploratory study to evaluate
the relationship between engineering faculty’s mindset and their
instructional practice. The study was conducted at a Carnegie
classified Doctoral/Professional University within a College of
Engineering. The measurement scales of the survey included the
following: 1) mindset of engineering faculty [4] and 2)
instructional practice [5]. Each scale included Likert type
questions with items rated on a 6-point scale that ranged from
strongly agree (1) to strongly disagree (6). The survey instrument
concluded with open-ended responses to indicate the participant’s
willingness to be interviewed and demographic information.
Specifically, in this paper we examined the relationship between
engineering faculty’s mindset and instructional practice. Based on
the small study, data trends emerged across the mindset spectrum
of faculty from a fixed to a growth mindset and how this influenced
their instructional design choices. This study establishes ground
work for best practices that other institutions can adopt to
improve engineering student retention and success through the
lens of the mindset of engineering faculty.
Keywords – faculty attitudes; instructional methods; diversity;
inclusion
I. INTRODUCTION
There is a growing national concern on the importance of
educating engineers for the 21
st
century. Paired with it are
declining retention rates within undergraduate engineering
programs. Engineering faculty play a key role in educating the
engineers for the 21
st
century and supporting engineering
identity to support their retention in the field. The role of
faculty is particularly important to the engineering identity
development of students from marginalized groups who often
report ubiquitous forms of inequity and prejudicial experiences
across school context [6]-[13]. Although engineering education
research explores various approaches to explain and enhance
faculty-student interaction it provides limited studies that detail
how to support the next generation of engineers from
marginalized groups who still often struggle with a sense of
authenticity, belonging, and identity [14], [15] within the social
culture of engineering.
Moreover, the social culture of engineering leads to varying
types of experiences that can diminish engineering identity
development and self-perceptions, which is linked to lack of
motivation and poor academic performance. For example,
African American students have a different academic
experience than their White counterparts in terms of faculty
interactions [16]. Also, negative self-perceptions are prevalent
for marginalized students in STEM despite showing the
technical aptitude to both enter and complete rigorous
engineering and other STEM undergraduate education
programs [17], [18]. While researchers have examined the self-
perception and mindset of students [19]-[25] and how these can
be performance-inhibiting, to our knowledge, researchers have
not yet explored how engineering faculty’s mindset is linked to
constructs that have been shown to affect student self-
perception and outcomes.
This research establishes groundwork for a future study of how
engineering student mindset are adopted from faculty mindset
and are potentially related to student choices to continue in
engineering and habits of success. By characterizing the role of
engineering faculty and student mindset, we can identify
moderating factors that administrators and faculty can work to
create tools and training to reshape the beliefs that might have
a negative effect on student success and engagement.
II. PUROPOSE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The purpose of this work in progress is to lay the foundation for
the impact of faculty mindset’s impact on instructional practice.
Although much engineering education research has focused on
students, we are expanding the scope of this scholarship to
empirically describe faculty contributions to the teaching and