ORIGINAL ARTICLE Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of a New Freshwater Hymenostomatid from Northeastern China, with the Establishment of a New Genus Anteglaucoma gen. n. (Protista, Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) Xuming Pan a , Zihan Shi a , Chundi Wang b , William A. Bourland c , Ying Chen a & Weibo Song b a College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China b Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China c Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725-1515 Keywords Anteglaucoma harbinensis spec. nov.; Glaucomidae; new species. Correspondence W. Song, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China Telephone number: +86-532-8203-2673; FAX number: +86-532-8203-2283; e-mail: wsong@ouc.edu.cn Y. Chen, Laboratory of Protozoology, Col- lege of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China Telephone/FAX number: +86-451-8806- 0576; e-mail: lh6666@126.com Received: 22 July 2016; revised 28 October 2016; accepted October 28, 2016. doi:10.1111/jeu.12382 ABSTRACT The morphology, infraciliature and SSU rDNA sequence of a new freshwater hymenostomatid ciliate, Anteglaucoma harbinensis gen. nov., spec. nov., col- lected from a farmland pond in Harbin, China, were investigated. The new genus Anteglaucoma is characterized as follows: small to medium-sized Glau- comidae with oral apparatus in anterior one-third of cell; paroral membrane composed of almost longitudinally arranged dikinetids; three adoral mem- branelles nearly equal in length and arranged almost longitudinally in parallel; silverline pattern tetrahymenid. The improved diagnosis of family Glaucomi- dae Corliss 1971 is provided based on the previous and present work. The type species Anteglaucoma harbinensis spec. nov. is defined by having 32– 35 somatic kineties; four or five postoral kineties; membranelle 1 and mem- branelle 2 having five or six kinetosomal rows, membranelle 3 having three kinetosomal rows; single macronuclear nodule; contractile vacuole on aver- age 15% from posterior body end; locomotion characterized by crawling with a rather hectic jerking motion; freshwater habitat. Phylogenetic analyses show that Anteglaucoma clusters in the family Glaucomidae and groups with the genera Glaucoma. The molecular and morphological data indicate that Glaucomidae is related to the family Bromeliophryidae in the phylogenetic trees. CILIATES of subclass Hymenostomatia are common inhabitants of terrestrial, fresh, and brackish water envi- ronments (Chantangsi et al. 2007; Chung and Yao 2012; Corliss 1954, 1971; Foissner et al. 1994; Fried and Foiss- ner 2007; Kher et al. 2011; Klug 1968; Liu et al. 2007; Mochizuki et al. 2002; Peck 1978). They show similar liv- ing features, relatively simple body plans and relatively few morphological characters for species circumscription (Borden et al. 1977; Corliss 1952, 1959; Frankel 1960; Liu et al. 2016a; McCoy 1975). Despite these problems, research on hymenostomatids is comparatively advanced with more than half of the genera recognized by Jan- kowski (2007) and Lynn (2008) investigated or reinvesti- gated with modern methods (Chen et al. 2016; Zhao et al. 2016). Recent discovery of new taxa has highlighted the necessity to direct further attention to the ciliates in class Oligohymenophora (Foissner 2003a, 2013; Foissner and Stoeck 2013; Gao et al. 2013, 2016; Liu et al. 2016b; Pan et al. 2015a,b, 2016; Quintela-Alonso et al. 2013; Zhao et al. 2016). In the present work, a new hymenostomatid is described which was isolated from a farmland pond in Harbin, northeastern China. Based on its unique infracilia- ture, especially with respect to the oral apparatus, this form is regarded as a new taxon at the generic level. Small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data for this new species was also analyzed to determine its phylogenetic position within the Hymenostomatia. © 2016 The Author(s) Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology © 2016 International Society of Protistologists Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 2016, 0, 1–9 1 Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ISSN 1066-5234