Structural Analysis of Historic Construction – D’Ayala & Fodde (eds)
© 2008Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-415-46872-5
Experimental analysis of rectangular shaped sleeve connectors for
composite timber-steel-concrete floors: Bending tests
L. Calado, J.M. Proença & A. Panão
DECIVIL – Istituto Superior Tècnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
F.M. Mazzolani, B. Faggiano &A. Marzo
DIST – University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
ABSTRACT: The paper deals with the laboratory tests on timber-steel-concrete composite beams, equipped
with an innovative connection system.Tests are part of a more comprehensive experimental campaign, aiming at
the evaluation and optimization of the connection devices. In this paper both monotonic and cyclic bending tests
on six composite beams are presented. In particular, each specimen consists of a timber beam with rectangular
cross section, connected to a concrete reinforced slab by means of steel collars. Specimens differ for the type
of collar-timber contact and the collars spacing, in order to determine the more effective solution. The system
performance has been evaluated in terms of both maximum force-displacement relationship and accumulated
dissipated energy at failure.
1 INTRODUCTION
In the context of the restoration of ancient wooden
floors, the wood-concrete composite system repre-
sents a reliable solution for upgrading existing floor
slabs (Gelfi et al., 2002, Mungwa et al. 1999, Giuriani
et al., 1998).
Such an intervention generally consists of a con-
crete thin slab collaborating with the timber beams
by means of connectors, like screws, nails, and studs,
inserted in the beam by drilling the existing members.
In order to avoid any strength reduction of the beams,
which could be certainly caused by the perforation
for the installation of traditional devices, an innova-
tive type of connector has been conceived (Faggiano
et al., 2007). It is made up of steel collars, surround-
ing the timber beam, which are composed by two
or more parts, bolted together at appropriate folded
wings, superior wings themselves or purposely welded
studs having the function of connectors. At the inter-
face between the steel collar and the timber beam, a
rubber layer should guarantee the complete adherence
between elements. Due to the bolt tightening, the steel
sleeves also provide a transversal ringing action on
the beam.
A comprehensive research activity including both
experimental and numerical investigations is ongo-
ing in the framework of the international research
project PROHITECH (Earthquake Protection of His-
torical Buildings by Reversible Mixed Technology).
The purpose is the system evaluation in terms of
both strength and stiffness and its consequent opti-
mization. In particular, experimental tests are carried
out on full-scale specimens of ancient timber beams
with circular cross sections and new timber beams
with rectangular cross sections, at the DIST (Depart-
ment of Structural Engineering) of the University of
Naples “Federico II” (Prof. F. M. Mazzolani coor-
dinator) and at the DECIVIL (Department of Civil
Engineering and Architecture) of the Superior Tech-
nical Institute in Lisbon (Prof. L. Calado coordinator),
respectively. Further experimental tests on full-scale
composite beams realized by using the studied steel
collars as connection elements are performed at the
DECIVIL, with the cooperation of the DIST. The
whole experimental investigation includes both mono-
tonic and cyclic push-out tests on single connection
devices and both monotonic and cyclic bending tests
on composite wood-concrete beams, equipped with
the sleeve connectors. Numerical analyses on single
device were carried out on several configurations,
obtained by varying the main parameters which affect
the behaviour, such as number of steel parts, both width
and thickness of collars and preloading forces in the
bolts (Faggiano et al., 2007). Results have allowed
identifying the types of collar that supplies the better
behaviour, to be used for composite system.
In this context, the paper presents the second part
of the whole experimental campaign, corresponding to
both monotonic and cyclic bending tests on composite
timber-concrete beams made of new wood and rectan-
gular cross-section, equipped with the selected collars.
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