Research Article
Zero and Nonzero Mass Flux Effects of Bioconvective Viscoelastic
Nanofluid over a 3D Riga Surface with the Swimming of
Gyrotactic Microorganisms
T. S. Karthik,
1
K. Loganathan ,
2
A. N. Shankar,
3
M. Jemimah Carmichael,
4
Anand Mohan,
5
Mohammed K. A. Kaabar ,
6
and Safak Kayikci
7
1
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem,
533 437 Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Research and Development Wing, Live4Research, Tiruppur, 638 106 Tamilnadu, India
3
Department of HSE Civil Engineering, University of Petroleum Energy Studies, Uttarakhand, India
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology and Science, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
5
Department of Physics, LN Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
6
Jabalia Camp, UNWRA Palestinian Refugee Camp, Gaza Strip Jabalya, State of Palestine
7
Department of Computer Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to K. Loganathan; loganathankaruppusamy304@gmail.com
and Mohammed K. A. Kaabar; mohammed.kaabar@wsu.edu
Received 25 March 2021; Revised 15 May 2021; Accepted 11 June 2021; Published 16 July 2021
Academic Editor: Mustafa Inc
Copyright © 2021 T. S. Karthik et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
This work addresses 3D bioconvective viscoelastic nanofluid flow across a heated Riga surface with nonlinear radiation, swimming
microorganisms, and nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are tested with zero (passive) and nonzero (active) mass flux states along
with the effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The physical system is visualized via high linearity PDE systems and
nondimensionalized to high linearity ordinary differential systems. The converted ordinary differential systems are solved with
the aid of the homotopy analytic method (HAM). Several valuable and appropriate characteristics of related profiles are
presented graphically and discussed in detail. Results of interest such as the modified Hartmann number, mixed convection
parameter, bioconvection Rayleigh number, and Brownian motion parameter are discussed in terms of various profiles. The
numerical coding is validated with earlier reports, and excellent agreement is observed. The microorganisms are utilized to
improve the thermal conductivity of nanofluid, and this mechanism has more utilization in the oil refinery process.
1. Introduction
“Bioconvection” is known to be the convective movement
within sight of swimming microorganisms. In this convec-
tive mode, the cells with bottom-heavy cells tend to swim
at an angle to vertical, and this process is known as gyro-
tactic [1]. Therefore, the gyrotactic microorganisms are
stable in the upper layer of the fluid, and consequently,
stratification of the top-heavy fluid layer will become
unbalanced. Thus, the system, which consists of a gyrotac-
tic microorganism, induces one of the exciting characters
in heat transfer that is “stability.” The reason is that nano-
fluids that have higher stability tend to improve the ther-
mal efficiency of the heat exchanger (any energy
systems). Hosseinzadeh et al. [2] examined the gyrotactic
microorganism influence over a cylindrical surface with
cross fluid flow. Mogharrebi et al. [3] present the MHD
nanofluid flow towards a rotating cone with motile oxytac-
tic microorganisms. Nowadays, the research on nanofluid
through a Riga plate becomes an exciting area of research.
For instance, mixed convective nanofluid flowed a Riga
plate is studied numerically and analytically in [4]. It is
shown that the desired size of the nanoparticle influences
the skin friction coefficient. Ahmad et al. [5] studied the
Hindawi
Advances in Mathematical Physics
Volume 2021, Article ID 9914134, 13 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9914134