© 2019 Agriculture and Forestry Journal
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 3.0 International License
Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 1-5, June, 2019 http://ojs.univ-tlemcen.dz/index.php/AFJ/
E-ISSN 2602-5795
Published by university of Tlemcen - ALGERIA
Contribution of agroforestry to improving food security in the sagnarigu
district of northern Ghana
Ammal ABUKARI
Department of Forestry and Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, University for Development
Studies – Tamale, Ghana. Email: aammal@uds.edu.gh
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received: 11 March 2019
Accepted after corrections 20
May 2019
Keywords:
Adoption,
Agroforestry,
Technology,
Food security,
Livelihood.
In most sub-Sahara African (SSA) countries there are increasing demands for the use of agricultural
land and forest products. This results in the deterioration of agricultural productivity and the
degradation of agricultural lands. Technologies in Agroforestry (AF) have been recommended in the
tropics as one of the answers to productivity and the shortage of land owing to both forestry and
agricultural products as a potential of agroforestry. The rate of agroforestry technologies adoption is
not promising in Ghana although interventions of agroforestry have been practiced for many years.
Limited and little education on the technology’s ability to improve food security, decline poverty, and
its socio-economics has led to its less adoption. This survey is however conducted in the Sagnarigu
district of northern Ghana to determine the factors that influences the rate of adoption of agroforestry
technologies and how agroforestry has the potential to contribute to food security. Data were collected
by the use of questionnaire administration, group discussion and the use of key informants. The
research revealed that there are high crop yields, available wood products for fuelwood and poles, and
improved food security of households when agroforestry technologies were adopted. This research
however recommends that agroforestry strategies should be used for improving food security and
livelihood among the rural folks and should be strengthened.
1. Introduction
In Ghana agriculture is an important cradle of livelihood of majority of rural folks. These farmers accomplish
their farm endeavors using ancient approaches. The efficiency of these ancient approaches to production are
largely low and this results to low living standards of the rural folks. Additionally, lack of up-to-date knowledge
of farming approaches to farmers has been a contributory factor of low productivity to agricultural land. This is
triggered by the dependency of farmers on cash crops in the rural areas, lack of stable market prices and
production of annual crops. According to Katani (1999) the result of excessive pressure on agricultural lands has
led to soil erosion, overgrazing, scarcity of woody materials and cultivation in marginal land. Agroforestry is
defined as a dynamic, ecologically based natural resource management system that, through the integration of
trees on farms and in the agricultural landscape, diversifies and sustains production for increased social,
economic and environmental benefits for land-users at all levels (Leakey, 1996). Agroforestry is commonly
beseeched as key to problems associated to the degradation of land, deforestation, scarcity of wood materials and
low crop yields. Agroforestry has been recommended to improve food security and also reduces poverty levels
among rural folks; the significance and degree of adoption among many rural folks in Ghana have not been
widely understood. Agroforestry technologies are expected to be a multipurpose land use system and has been
recommended as the answer to accomplish sustainability and the present land use management payable to its
numerous benefits comprising; conservation of soil fertility, fuelwoods and building materials, soil erosion
control, increasing crop yields, increasing income, fruits and fodder (Senkondo, 1994). Agroforestry is not
entirely practiced in numerous rural areas of Ghana despite all its potential.
Accounts from Thangataa and Hildebrand (2012) submit that the practice of agroforestry by farmers presents a
lot of benefits such as the augmentation of soil fertility and the improvement of the flexibility of farm
households through the delivery of extra outputs either for sale and or consumption. The understanding that trees
on farmlands affords livelihood benefits is not new, and diversity-based methods to agricultural adaptation to
climate variability have been adopted by many farmers (Nguyen et al., 2013). In many parts of Africa the
adoption of agroforestry technologies has not been prevalent, owing to the performance of agroforestry practices,
political and socioeconomic environment.
Many agroforestry practices researches have revealed that agroforestry can improve degraded lands, sequester
carbon and secure rural folks livelihoods through the supply of ecological and economic benefits. Additionally
the increase of soil fertility, tree management by farmers provides ecosystem services and functions
(Torquebiau, 2000). Agroforestry has the attributes of sustaining and intensifying the practices of farming to