Proceedings of the 2017 Winter Simulation Conference W. K. V. Chan, A. D'Ambrogio, G. Zacharewicz, N. Mustafee, G. Wainer, and E. Page, eds. COMPUTATIONAL CHALLENGES IN MODELING & SIMULATION OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS Richard M. Fujimoto Christopher Carothers School of Computational Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science Georgia Institute of Technology Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Atlanta, GA 30332, USA Troy, NY 12180, USA Alois Ferscha David Jefferson Johannes Kepler Univeristy Linz Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory SCP3 0633 Altenberger Straße 69 7000 East Avenue 4040 Linz, AUSTRIA Livermore, CA 94550, USA Margaret Loper Madhav Marathe Information & Communications Laboratory Network Dynamics and Simulation Science Georgia Tech Research Institute Biocomplexity Inst. & Dept. of Comp. Science Atlanta, GA 30332 USA Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA Simon J. E. Taylor Modeling & Simulation Group Department of Computer Science Brunel University London Uxbridge, Middx, UB8 3PH, UK ABSTRACT Modeling and simulation faces many new computational challenges in the design of complex engineered systems. The systems that need to be modeled are increasingly interconnected and interdependent, achieving unprecedented levels of complexity. The computational platforms upon which simulations execute have undergone dramatic changes in recent years. Position statements by leading researchers are presented concerning important computational challenges and opportunities facing the M&S community. 1 INTRODUCTION A workshop was held on January 13-14, 2016 at the National Science Foundation in Arlington, Virginia with the goal of defining directions for future research in modeling and simulation and its role in engineering complex systems (Fujimoto et al. 2017). The goal of the workshop was to identify and build consensus around critical research challenges in modeling and simulation related to the design of complex engineered systems – challenges whose solution will significantly impact major problems facing society 431 978-1-5386-3428-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE