Copyright © Manpreet Singh
Shweta Gupta, Manpreet Singh*, Manpreet Kaur, Deepti Yadav, Himanshi Singh, Zoramthara Zadeng and Pankaj
Gupta
Department of Ophthalmology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
*Corresponding author: Manpreet Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of
Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Submission: April 05, 2018; Published: July 24, 2018
Role of Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Moderate
to Severe Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) in
Indians: A Tertiary Care Institute Study
Introduction
Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) is the most common
cause of bilateral and unilateral (asymmetric) proptosis in adults
[1-3]. In almost 90% patients, it is associated with hyperthyroidism
while euthyroid (6%), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (3%) and primary
hypothyroidism (1%) constitute the rest.[1-5]. Approximately half
of Graves’ disease (ophthalmopathy, hyperthyroidism and pretib-
ial myxedema) patients have ocular involvement, which is usually
mild. Though, moderate to severe TAO occurs in 20-30% patients,
it is the sight-threatening disease (3-5%) which require emergency
intervention [2,3,5,6]. Steroids form the first-line of treatment for
severe and active TAO. Many studies have documented the effec-
tiveness of steroids via oral, intravenous or peribulbar route, but
the optimal delivery method with minimal side effects remains in-
determinate [4-10]. Although, the intravenous route is considered
as more effective and better tolerated than the others, few lethal
adverse events have been reported with it. [6,7,8] The aim of pres-
ent study is to analyze the efficacy and safety of intravenous meth-
ylprednisolone (IVMP) administered via three different protocols
in the patients with sight threatening TAO.
Methods
We included 18 patients of previously untreated and active TAO
from the oculoplastics clinic between June 2014 and April 2016.
All patients met the inclusion criteria of, moderate to severe TAO
(moderate/severe soft tissue involvement, eyelid retraction >2mm,
exophthalmos >3mm, diplopia) and sight threatening TAO (optic
neuropathy, exposure keratopathy). Thorough ophthalmological
examination (including intraocular pressure and Schrimer’s test)
was done at the first visit. Proptosis was measured with the Hertel’s
exophthalmometer.
Soft tissue involvement was documented with reference from
the color atlas by EUGOGO (European group on Graves’ orbitopa-
thy) [8]. the assessment of soft-tissue disease activity was carried
out using the seven points of clinical activity score (CAS)- sponta-
neous retrobulbar pain, pain during eye movements, conjunctival
redness, chemosis, redness of eyelids, swelling of eyelids, swelling
of caruncle. Each one is given 1 point and the final score was calcu-
lated [9]. Eye muscle involvement was assessed using the Gorman
Research Article
Medical & Surgical
Ophthalmology Research C
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1/5 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Manpreet Singh.
Volume - 2 Issue - 3
Abstract
Purpose: Aim was to report outcome in 18 patients of moderate to severe thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO) treated with intravenous steroids
(methylprednisolone).
Methods: Eleven males and 7 females with mean age of 52.92 years received methylprednisolone for TAO. Examination revealed decreased
vision(15), lid inflammation(15), & movement restriction(16). They were hyperthyroid(8), hypothyroid(3), euthyroid(7), & 8 had pre-existing thyroid
disease. Field defects(8), apical crowding(3) and corneal involvement(4) were present. Treatment regime was, regular for 3 days(10), pulse therapy(5)
& combined(3). Response to treatment was evaluated by VISA classification.
Results: Improvement was seen in vision(14), inflammation(17), movement(16) and appearance(15). Determinants of poor outcome were,
diabetic status, corneal involvement, raised intraocular pressure, preexisting thyroid disease and pulse therapy.
Conclusion: Intravenous methylprednisolone is safe & efficacious in improving TAO in majority of acute cases along with control of co-morbid
conditions.
Keywords: Thyroid associated orbitopathy; Proptosis; Intravenous steroids; Methylprednisolone
ISSN 2578-0360