New Challenges in Language Assessment Sahbi Hidri Abstract Language assessment practitioners traditionally addressed the assessment impacts from a unilateral and narrow perspective in that they linked such impacts to a few numbers of stakeholders such as learners and teachers. This view echoed the nature of the assessment approach at that time that was essentially norm-referenced. New changes and chal- lenges appeared with the birth of the modern testing theories that were driven by the necessary changes for a new assessment reform that is contingent upon the interaction between different parties such as tests, learners, test designers, teachers, test development, test-taking strategies, policy-makers, testing agencies, etc. To implement new changes in any assessment reform, it is recommended that key ﬁgures be active players in undertaking the necessary reforms. One of the challenges that poses a heavy burden on language teachers is the strong monopolization of the testing organizations to the assessment polices. For example, stan- dardized assessment has been leading the world assessment policies at S. Hidri (B ) English Department, Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, Tunis, Tunisia © The Author(s) 2020 S. Hidri (ed.), Changing Language Assessment, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42269-1_1 3