Fiber Optic Sensing System for Monitoring of Current
Collectors and Catenary of Railways
Kerstin Schröder
1
, Manfred Rothhardt
1
, Wolfgang Ecke
1
, Uwe Richter
2
, André Sonntag
2
,
Hartmut Bartelt
1
1
Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
2
Eurailscout Inspection & Analysis b.v., Torellstr. 1, 10243 Berlin. Germany
Summary
Fiber optic sensors are excellent tools to use for monitoring purposes on high voltage current
collectors. Because of their small cross section and electrical neutrality, they are easy to integrate into
the current collector strip and are well specialized for detection of high-speed load events. Also the
conventional contact force measurement with four force sensors below the collector strips can be
simplified by using fiber optic force and acceleration sensors.
Keywords: Force Sensors, Structural Health Monitoring, Current Collectors, Fiber Bragg
Gratings
Introduction
This work aims at new needs for diagnostics
on trains and electrical infrastructure arising
from the deregulation and interoperability of
the EU railway track. The contact between
overhead contact lines (OCLs) and current
collectors/pantographs is an interface between
the newly established track and train
operators. Permanent monitoring of the load
conditions allows prediction of the resulting
wear and helps to optimize service and repair
cycles on the OCL.
Some measurement techniques for OCL
monitoring, such as contact force
measurement, are already well established.
Boundary conditions are defined in an
European standard (EN 50317). Other
techniques, for instance the detection of
disturbances (misalignments or intruders), are
still under development or under optimization.
Measurements at the interface between OCLs
and current collectors with electrical sensors
are complex and prone to interferences due to
the high electrical voltages and the strong
changes of electric and magnetic fields. In
contrast, fiber optic sensors, which have
advantages as small and electrically immune
devices, can easily be applied for such
measurements. For this reason research is
currently underway to utilize fiber optic sensors
for monitoring purposes in current collectors or
on OCLs, already in early stage ([1], [2], [3]).
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors have the
additional advantage that many sensor
elements can be multiplexed along a single
optical fiber, and the quantitative load result is
derived from a spectral shift, which is immune
to light intensity variations. Therefore, they are
often the preferred kind of sensors for
monitoring purposes on this interface ([4], [5]).
Currently, such investigations are focused on
the optimization of the sensors and their
instrumentation. In this paper, results are
reported from the investigation of two different
measuring techniques: quantitative logging of
fast hit events, and of the stationary
acceleration-compensated contact force (Fig.
1).
Fig. 1: Pantograph head with overhead
contact line, sensitized collector strip
carbon und aluminum part of the strip
and force sensors below the collector
strip.
18. GMA/ITG-Fachtagung Sensoren und Messsysteme 2016 697
DOI 10.5162/sensoren2016/P6.7