39 © Te Author(s) 2021 M. Parsons et al., Decolonising Blue Spaces in the Anthropocene, Palgrave Studies in Natural Resource Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61071-5_2 2 Environmental Justice and Indigenous Environmental Justice In this chapter, we outline the four essential ideas or proposals that pro- vide the theoretical framework of this book. Firstly, the dominant fram- ings and articulations of environmental justice (EJ) do not account for the complexities of Indigenous intergenerational environmental justice. Secondly, scholars and decision-makers need to consider what EJ is and how it can be taken into account in the context of environmental gover- nance and management that goes beyond a narrow framing of justice as distributive equity, procedural inclusion, or recognition of Indigenous rights and consider the intersecting and interacting processes that under- pin environmental (in)justices faced by Indigenous peoples. Tirdly, the theoretical discussion of EJ needs to recognise Indigenous sovereignties, cultures, and identities through Indigenous ontologies and epistemolo- gies rather than through Western liberal thought and governance approaches. And lastly, the theoretical underpinnings of the study of Indigenous environmental justice (IEJ) need to incorporate intergenera- tional considerations. Tese four ideas or arguments allow us to consider and explore the theoretical and empirical gaps within the literature on EJ. Besides, it pro- vides us space to explore how a diversity of diferent scholars (Indigenous