A study of the Causes of Schedule overrun in Indian
High-rise construction using Relative Importance
Index
Aaditya Pratap Sanyal (Author)
Department of Architecture and Planning
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Kharagpur, India
apsanyal@iitkgp.ac.in
S. P. Bhattacharya (Author)
Department of Architecture and Planning
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Kharagpur, India
spb@arp.iitkgp.ernet.in
Abstract—Construction projects across the world are plagued
with time and schedule overruns. Schedule overruns are caused
due to a wide range of factors associated to site-related issues to
the issues related to payment. Although the principal reasons for
construction delays are comparable across different locations
within a country, several factors pertaining to local industry,
socio-economic issues, cultural effects and project characteristics
also contribute to construction delays. Through a series of studies
performed across the past few decades, it has been seen that the
causes and extent of schedule overruns varies across different
countries and no universal causes of delay have been identified.
On these grounds, it can also be hypothesised that in a country as
diverse as India, the causes of delay may vary across different
states and regions.
This research tries to ascertain the causes of schedule overrun
associated to the various construction project locations in India,
identified through a questionnaire survey and analysed using
statistical methods. The findings of this study suggest that though
there are certain similarities in the delay causes, but there is a
difference between their relative importances. There are certain
unique causes specific to some locations.
Keywords-delay factors; high-rise; India; construction
V. INTRODUCTION
A construction project is an interpretation of an idea
through a series of actions to produce either a new set of
buildings and infrastructure or may involve alterations in the
existing buildings and infrastructure. Construction projects
involve varying degrease of complexity and the project
duration can be range from few weeks to more than five years.
However, in some cases, the duration may be very long. For
example, the Sardar Sarovar Project of India which took almost
60 years to become operational [1]. Construction schedule
overrun or delay can be simply defined as non-completion of
project within the specified duration agreed upon in the
contract. Delay can also be defined as the time overrun either
beyond completion date specified in a contract, or beyond the
date that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project [2].
Schedule overrun or delays, apart from upsetting the plan
targets, leads to cost overrun on account of inflationary
increase, exchange rate variation and higher interest and
administrative cost. Delays takes place due to factors such as
paucity of financial resources, delay in obtaining clearances,
delay in acquisition of land, poor performance of consultants,
vendors and contractors, disputes and court cases, inadequate
infrastructure support, resistance by land losers and poor law
and order [3].
Schedule overrun has also been defined as “the extension of
time beyond planned completion dates traceable to the
contractors” [5]. Schedule overruns, also generally termed as
delays, are “incidents that impact a project’s progress by
postponing project activities”. Studies in construction activities
from an array of countries, namely, Hong Kong, India, the
United States, Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and Ghana
showed that delay is a plebeian issue and an increasing concern
irrespective of a countries development status or geographic
location [6].In the recent past, studies have been performed by
Akintoye et al. [7], Khanh et al. [8], Aziz [9], Gunduz et al.
[10], Sweis et al. [11], Vimonsatit et al. [12], Fugar et al. [13],
Ogunlana et al. [14] and, Toor et al. [15] for identifying the
construction delay causes in Malaysia, Bangladesh, Egypt,
Turkey, Jordan, Western Australia, Ghana, Vietnam and
Thailand respectively. The findings of these studies were
varied with most of the researches confirming financial
difficulties, project planning and scheduling inefficiencies as
some of the key important causes.
In order to understand the delay causes facing the Indian
construction industry, a detailed study performed by Doloi et
al. [17] suggested that construction projects in India are
reported failing across all the key performance measures
including cost, time and quality performances. Gunawan et al.
performed a comparative study of the schedule overrun for
various development projects across China, India, Bangladesh
and Thailand and concluded that the average schedule overrun
is highest for India – 55% of actual schedule [16]. Reasons for
these delays range from land acquisition, improper planning
and budgeting, to poor coordination and monitoring of the
projects [17].
GSTF Journal of Engineering Technology (JET) Vol.5 No.1, 2018
© The Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access by the GSTF
DOI: 10.5176/ 2251-3701_5.1.101