Friction stir welding on temperature ﬁeld for aluminum alloy based on combined HSM Md Helal Miah a,⇑ , Dharmahinder Singh Chand b , Gurmail Sing Malhi b a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandigarh University, NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India b Department of Aerospace Engineering, Chandigarh University, NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India article info Article history: Available online xxxx Keywords: Aluminum alloy 6005 FSW Temperature ﬁeld SYSWELD Discretization of model HSM abstract A combined heat source model (HSM) is a new technology to resolve the welding problem of aluminum alloy in the friction stir welding (FSW) process. It authenticates advantage is solid-phase welding tech- nology for magnesium, aluminum, and other low melting point alloy welding. Temperature ﬁeld analysis is the prerequisite for improving the welding quality, welding metallurgy, and mechanical analysis. An accurate grasp of the temperature ﬁeld distribution on the FSW process plays a vital role. In this research, the temperature ﬁeld of FSW for 6005 aluminum alloy is simulated and analyzed by SYSWELD software. Then the simulation results were veriﬁed by experimental results. First of all, the ﬁnite element simula- tion and theoretical analysis were carried out for the FSW process. Then ﬁnite element model was estab- lished by using the SYSWELD software. And the temperature ﬁeld of the FSW process was established by grid partitioning, HSM setting, and subsequent observation. The numerical simulation method is used to analyze the temperature ﬁeld of the FSW process. Finally, the simulation results are veriﬁed and cali- brated by the thermocouple temperature test. The inﬂuence of different welding parameters (Welding Speed and Rotational Speed) on the temperature ﬁeld is evaluated by the thermal ﬁeld curves analysis and some particular nodes analysis of the target area. Copyright Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientiﬁc committee of the International Confer- ence on Materials, Mechanics & Modelling. 1. Introduction The application of FSW increased in industrial ﬁelds such as aerospace, high-speed trains, and ships. Researchers from across the globe employed lots of techniques to develop the FSW process for different materials [1]. The lightweight vehicle is the goal of the long-term pursuit of domestic and foreign vehicle design and users. It will be advantageous for vehicle speed, increase trans- portation weight, less energy consumption, and reduce air pollu- tion [2,3]. Aluminum alloy is a typical representative of high- quality lightweight alloy and is widely used in light vehicles. It has a relatively high young modulus, speciﬁc strength, good resis- tance to crack propagation, less corrosive material, good forming ability, and good welding performance. For this reason, the aero- space industry has a huge application of aluminum alloys nowa- days [4]. With the increase of aluminum alloy applications, aluminum alloy welding problems have to improve, and the development of aluminum alloy welding technology is complementary. Therefore, to expand the scope of application of aluminum, aluminum alloy welding technology must be enhanced [5]. By literature review, it has understood that aluminum alloy welding has the following difﬁculties:  The common challenges of aluminum alloy welding are the softening of the joints during the welding process and the low strength coefﬁcient [6].  Welding of aluminum surface usually produces oxide ﬁlm - alu- mina. As the melting point of the oxide ﬁlm is high, needed to use the power density of relatively large means of welding [7].  Welding of the aluminum alloy produces cavity [8].  The welded process produces cracks in the aluminum alloy sur- face [9].  Deformation occurs in the aluminum alloy welding due to the linear expansion coefﬁcient of aluminum alloy [10]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.101 2214-7853/Copyright Ó 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientiﬁc committee of the International Conference on Materials, Mechanics & Modelling. ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: helal.sau.12030704@gmail.com (M.H. Miah). Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr Please cite this article as: Md Helal Miah, Dharmahinder Singh Chand and Gurmail Sing Malhi, Friction stir welding on temperature ﬁeld for aluminum alloy based on combined HSM, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.01.101