ISSN 2394-7330 International Journal of Novel Research in Healthcare and Nursing Vol. 7, Issue 1, pp: (878-889), Month: January - April 2020, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com Page | 878 Novelty Journals Effectiveness of Learning Package Application on the Use of Antibiotics for Mothers of Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infection 1 Hend Wageh Abozed, 2 Fawzia Elsayed Abusaad, 3 Magda Ahmed Abd El Aziz 1 Assistant Lecturer of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. 2 Professor of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. 3 Assistant Professor of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. E-mail: hendwagih@mans.edu.eg Abstract: Despite efforts to decrease unnecessary use of antibiotics, misconceptions about antibiotics use persist and continue to be more prevalent among mothers of children with URTIs. Aim: This study aimed to study the effectiveness of learning package application on the use of antibiotics for mothers of children with URTIs. Method: A quasi-experimental design was conducted on 214 mothers with their children regardless their gender, age, free from chronic diseases, diagnosed with URTIs and managed by antibiotics, who attended the General Outpatient Clinics at Mansoura University Children's Hospital (MUCH). Tools: A structured interview questionnaire sheet for mothers' knowledge and practical knowledge, observational checklist for mothers' practices about administration of antibiotic suspension and learning package evaluation checklist. Results indicated that, the majority of the studied mothers had good knowledge (85.5%) and most of them (98.6%) had competent practices immediately post the learning package application with highly statistical significant differences (p=0.00). Conclusion: There was an improvement in mothers' knowledge, practical knowledge and practices after application of learning package. Recommendations: Provide in-services, up to date and regular training programs to improve mothers' knowledge and practices regarding the use of antibiotics for their children with URTIs. Further studies are recommended to repeat this study on a larger sample size and on a wide scale in various governorates of Egypt. Keywords: Antibiotics, Bacterial resistance, Children, Knowledge, Learning package, Mothers, Practices and Upper respiratory infections. 1. INTRODUCTION Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs) are considered one of the major public health problems worldwide. ARIs are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in many developing countries. ARIs are estimated to cause 5 millions death among children every year and are among the leading causes of hospital admission (Abdel Khalek and Abdel-Salam, 2016). ARIs include, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTIs) and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs). The URTIs involve; rhinitis, rhino-sinusitis, pharyngitis, epiglottitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, common cold, influenza and Acute Otitis Media (AOM) (Hockenberry, Wilson and Rodgers, 2017). The overall worldwide reported incidence of URTIs is 6-8 episodes during the first 5 years of life. URTIs are the most frequent reason for children's visits to a General Practitioner (GP) and are accountable for greater than 20 million missed days of school and greater than 20 million days of work lost, thus generating a large economic burden (Ahmed and Soltan, 2018).