(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, Vol. 12, No. 11, 2021 258 | Page www.ijacsa.thesai.org Bioinformatics Research Through Image Processing of Histopathological Response to Stonefish Venom Mohammad Wahsha 1 * Marine Science Station, The University of Jordan Aqaba Branch, Jordan Heider A. M. Wahsheh 2 Department of Information Systems College of Computer Sciences and Information Technology King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia Wissam Hayek 3 , Maroof Khalaf 5 , Tariq Al-Najjar 6 Faculty of Basic and Marine Sciences The University of Jordan, Aqaba Branch, Jordan Haya Al-Tarawneh 4 Control Health Division Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority Aqaba, Jordan Abstract—The present study utilizes coastal and environmental engineering to investigate the histopathological effects of Synanceia verrucosa venom on Albino BALB/c mice. S. verrucosa is the most hazardous venomous marine fish that belong to the family Synanceiidae, generally known as the "Reef Stonefish". Crude venom was collected from venom glands of the dorsal spines of stonefish samples taken from the Jordanian coastline of the Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. The mice were given intramuscular injections of the venom. Consequently, the research evaluated the acute toxicity and influence on selected serum biomarker enzymes, as well as possible histological alterations of the soleus skeletal muscles. The mice 24 h LD 50 was 0.107 μg toxin/kg mouse body weight. After the treatment using venom sublethal dose, the serum biomarkers, including Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), were significantly improved (P≤0.05). In addition, Lipid Peroxidation (LPO) contents were significantly increased (P≤0.05) after venom treatment. Moreover, we combined routine medical procedures and artificial intelligence-assisted image analysis for a rapid qualitative and quantitative diagnosis of stonefish injury, based on the histophotography of mice tissue samples during the observation period (1, 2, and 3 hours respectively). The novelty of our method is that we could detect severe and mild damage with an accuracy of 93% and 91%, respectively. The most histological abnormalities in muscles were the great variety in diameters, content, and widespread among randomly distributed muscle fibres. In addition, loss of the tissue's striated appearance was noticed in toxin-treated groups compared with the control group. Consequently, our findings indicate the Stonefish's harmful influences that may endanger human life and highlight the need for appropriate measures to be considered. This, in turn, can ensure beach safety in the Gulf of Aqaba. Keywords—Synanceia verrucosa; Gulf of Aqaba; artificial intelligence; marine biotoxins I. INTRODUCTION Injuries by stingrays from dangerous marine organisms are common in coastal and lakesides regions worldwide [1]. These injuries can threaten life and affect body organs and systems [2]. According to several reports, there is a potential for more severe injuries, particularly with stonefish and stingray envenomation [3]. Stonefish belong to the genus Synanceia, considered one of the most venomous fish in the world. It can be found in tropical waters (Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the Red Sea) [3, 4]. The stonefish defense system comprises 17 spines covered with thick skin supported by venom glands [5, 6]. It is found in the shallow water near the bottom [7]. Using its pectoral fins, Stonefish can rapidly dredge in the mud or the seabed sand in which it settles down and lays motionless [8]. It has a solid ability to camouflage and blend in so perfectly with its surroundings, enhancing its hiding ability [6, 7]. Their ability to hide under the sand or between coral makes them challenging to detect and avoid, which increases the chances of injury by their stings [4]. [9] reported two cases of injuries from Stonefish in the north of Australia; one of these cases occurred with a 16 years old girl who presented hysterical screaming from pain severity. She impaled her big toe on the spine of a fish in the water. There was a puncture wound on the tip of the toe. The whole toe was cyanosed and swollen. Large doses of pethidine failed to control her pain. A ring block was inserted in the toe, and the Stonefish antivenom was administered with good effect. She was discharged the next day and did not suffer a sequel. In general, injuries from the venom of the stonefish sting diversify considerably. It can vary from intense pain, which may persist for several hours or even days, redness and swelling in the sting site followed by shock, pulmonary edema, hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiovascular collapse, muscles weakness, paralysis, convulsions, to occasional death in severe cases [5, 10]. Damage to cells can occur as a result of stresses such as toxins and venoms [8]. Most observable cellular changes and cell deaths occur due to biochemical changes within the cell [11]. Releasing the intracellular enzymes has been a marker of cell damage in various injury cases [12]. Increasing ALT activity level has been associated with organ toxicities [13]. LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme that catalyzes lactate oxidation into pyruvate and reverses, predominantly in muscle tissues [11]. Histology is also crucial in pathology; it characterizes changes or disease phenotypes and diagnoses their causes [14]. Limited studies estimate the effect of piscine venoms on muscle. For example, [15] study the impact of Scatophagus