African Safety Promotion A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention JOURNAL AIMS AND SCOPE The African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention (ASP) is a forum for discussion and constructive debate among academics, policy-makers and practitioners active in the field of injury prevention and safety promotion. ASP seeks to promote research and dialogue around a central public health issue that affects Africa, namely injury and violence. SUBJECT COVERAGE Issues of ASP's predecessor, the Institute for Social and Health Science's Monograph Series, addressed a variety of injury and violence related topics, such as: . injury surveillance methodologies . costing techniques . epidemiological research findings . health systems research . risks and resiliences associated with violence and injuries in low- to middle-income contexts . best practices for injury prevention and containment ASP is administered by the Unisa Institute for Social and Health Sciences, and the Presidential Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme. The Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme was established in October 2001 and is jointly managed and developed by the South African Medical Research Council (MRC) and the UNISA Institute for Social and Health Sciences (ISHS). ASP seeks to promote multidisciplinary research and dialogue about injury and violence on the continent. The journal publishes on a spectrum of topics of interest to researchers, practitioners and policy makers in the injury and violence prevention sector. ASP is an accredited South African Post Secondary Education (SAPSE) journal. All articles in the journal are subject to peer review. ASP is published biannually and features original full-length articles, theoretical papers, reviews, and short communications. CHIEF EDITOR Mohamed Seedat, UNISA Institute for Social and Health Sciences & MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme ISSUE EDITORS Joanne Gouveia, University of South Africa Lu-Anne Swart, University of South Africa Mohamed Seedat, University of South Africa EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Victor Peteke, University of South Africa Lyndsey Lourie, University of South Africa EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Richard Matzopoulos, Medical Research Council Garth Stevens, University of the Witwatersrand Shahnaaz Suffla, University of the Western Cape Martin Terre Blanche, University of South Africa Ashley van Niekerk, Medical Research Council EDITORIAL BOARD Mahomed Dada, forensic pathologist, Vereeniging, South Africa Samuel Forjuoh, Texas Agricultural & Mechanical University, USA Olive Kobusingye, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Republic of Congo Dinesh Mohan, Indian Institute of Technology, India Wilson Odero, Moi University, Kenya Babatunde Solagberu, University of Irolin, Nigeria Mustafa Kamal, Egypt LANGUAGE AND COPY EDITOR Gail Malcomson SUBSCRIPTION FEE ZAR 250 per individual subscription ZAR 500 per group or organisational subscription US$ 150 per international subscription Account and Payment Details: The payment must be made in favour of: UNISA ISHS/CPA; Bank Account: ABSA (Sunnyside, Pretoria, South Africa, Branch code 334545 Account Number 010000114) Contact Details: Ms Lyndsey Lourie, African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention, PO Box 1087, Lenasia 1820, South Africa. Tel: +27+11 857-1142. Fax: +27+11 857-1770. Email: lourilc@unisa.ac.za Copyright # 2005 African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. ISSN: 1728-774X Publisher: Published on behalf of the UNISA Institute for Social and Health Sciences, the MRC-UNISA Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme and the Injury Prevention Initiatives for Africa (IPIFA). Disclaimer: The development, preparation, and publication of this work has been undertaken with great care. However, the publisher and editors of the African Safety Promotion: A Journal of Injury and Violence Prevention are not responsible for any errors herein or for the consequences that may ensue from the use of uncited materials or information contained in this work. Opinions expressed by the author(s) are not necessarily those of the publisher and editors of the journal.