Corresponding author: Ahmed G. Hassabo, Email: aga.hassabo@hotmail.com, Tel.: +20 110 22 555 13 (Received 08/06/2021, accepted 26/07/2021) DOI: 10.21608/jtcps.2021.79786.1066 ©2021 National Information and Documentation Centre (NIDOC) T HE only colourful pigments that were available to humanity were (and so) natural dyes until the frst synthetic dyes were found in 1856. Indoor and outdoor renewable and bio- degradable dyes are sustainable. However, they cannot satisfy the vast demands of the textile sector because of the dominant use of land for food and feed. The over exploitation of natural resources might cause deforestation and imperil native species. Safe synthetic colours may not be used under the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS), while natural dyes may not be used for endangered species. There have been a number of global initiatives to overcome inherent colour defects. Keywords: Natural dyes, dying, mordants Various Natural Dyes from Different Sources Doaa M. Hamdy a , Hanan A. Othman a and Ahmed G. Hassabo b * a Textile Printing, Dyeing and Finishing Department, Faculty of Applied Arts, Benha University, Benha, Egypt b National Research Centre (Scopus affliation ID 60014618), Textile Industries Research Division, Pre-treatment, and Finishing of Cellulose-based Textiles Department, 33 El-Behouth St. (former El-Tahrir str.), Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt J. Text. Color. Polym. Sci., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 171-190 (2021) Journal of Textiles, Coloration and Polymer Science https://jtcps.journals.ekb.eg/ 14 Introduction Natural dyes are obtained from natural materials. These are widely classed as plant, animal, mineral and microbial thinning, however plants constitute the main source of natural thinning. Different aca- demics researched and accumulated information on the ancient literature, as the interest in natural dyes expanded, and traditional dyeing techniques in different countries. The book on natural dye supplies and procedures used to apply it to do- mestic textiles was released by Adrosko [1]. In partnership with Marmara University, Istanbul in 1981, DOBAG was the Turkish abbreviation for Natural Dye Research and Development Project which started in Turkey and has a large success in restoring the lost art of natural-coloured tapes- tries. In a book by Mohanty et al, India’s natural dyeing processes were recorded. [2] A book about natural dyeing procedures in India was also pub- lished by Chandramouli [3]. Grierson et al. have reviewed the traditional dyes of the Scottish Highlands [4]. The report was described in Buchanan on dye plants that have been applied for natural textile dyeing, such as alkane, annatto, chamomile, coreopsis, madder, sappers, etc. [5] They also detailed later informa- tion on different tin-fltering plants, how to culti- vate them, how to collect dye components, how to tint wool and the silk and the colour hues obtained [6]. Several natural dyeing sources have now been unveiled via research efforts by people and groups and exchange of knowledge available through nu- merous conferences, symposia, workshops and papers. In the literature there is currently plenty of information regarding numerous sources of natural dyes. [7, 8] Below is a quick description of the various colouring resources per source [9]. Plant Origin In the past, a large number of natural dyes have been extracted from plants. Different plant components, including roots, leaves, branches, stumps, core wood, bark, wood shavings, fowers, fruits, hulls, husks... are the natural sources of colouration. The well-known blue, natural colouration, indigo, is derived from the Indigofera tinctorial eaves. Some plant-derived colours also have additional applications as culinary components and medicinal products,