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Manchester School of Art
Manchester Metropolitan University
02-05 September 2019
International Association of Societies of
Design Research Conference 2019
DESIGN REVOLUTIONS
A framework to understanding factors that influence
designing for older people
Gudur, Raghavendra Reddy*
a
a
University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
* raghavendra.gudur@canberra.edu.au
There is a considerable amount of research literature that is focused on the importance of
inclusive design. There is a steady increase in research that is also focused on understanding
how to design for older people. However, most of the research available focuses on ageing
as a variable in understanding patterns of technology usage, preferences and difficulties.
What is more necessary is research that explains why the age differences occur. For this
reason, it is essential to investigate mediating factors such as cognitive abilities and
experience. In this paper, we did an extensive literature review to understand various factors
that explain why age differences occur and how these factors are interrelated. Based on
which we propose a framework that will help other researchers and designers to provide a
quick map to investigate inclusive design problems.
Keywords: older people; cognitive ageing; inclusive design;
1 Introduction
Research suggests that many older adults have difficulty using contemporary consumer
products due to their complexity both in terms of functionality and interface design. Moreover,
studies have found a strong correlation between age and the time taken to use modern
electronic devices (Lewis, Langdon, and Clarkson 2007, Reddy, Blackler, and Popovic 2018).
Use of technological products in older users is a complex issue mediated by technology prior
knowledge, cognitive capabilities, sensorimotor function, technology anxiety, perceived
technology self-efficacy and socio-demographic factors (Czaja et al. 2006). This paper
discusses several of these important factors of ageing that influence use of technological
products in older adults and to understand interdepended nature of these issues. The
objective of this study is to provide a framework for both researchers and designers to help
address problems related to design for ageing population.
2 Sensorimotor function and ageing
Ageing progressively impairs various cognitive skills and sensory-motor abilities. Some
abilities decline more markedly than others, and some may remain intact till the late 70s
(Mynatt, Essa, and Rogers 2000, Salthouse 2010). This decline is not constant and varies
widely between individuals (Gregor, Newell, and Zajicek 2000, Czaja and Lee 2007). Baltes
and Lindenberger (1997) found a strong correlation between visual acuity, auditory pure tone