Abstract—Egypt has a countless heritage of mansions, castles, cities, towns, villages, industrial and manufacturing sites. This richness of heritage provides endless and matchless prospects for culture. Despite being famous worldwide, Egypt’s heritage still is in constant need of protection. Political conflicts and religious revolutions form a direct threat to buildings in various areas, historic, archaeological sites, and religious monuments. Egypt has witnessed two revolutions in less than 60 years; both had an impact on its architectural heritage. In this paper, the authors aim to review legal and policy framework to protect the cultural heritage and present the risk management strategy for cultural heritage in conflict. Through a review of selected international models of devastated architectural heritage in conflict zones and highlighting some of their changes, we can learn from the experiences of other countries to assist towards the development of a methodology to halt the plundering of architectural heritage. Finally, the paper makes an effort to enhance the formulation of a risk management strategy for protection and conservation of cultural heritage, through which to end the plundering of Egypt’s architectural legacy in the Egyptian community (revolutions, 1952 and 2011); and by presenting to its surrounding community the benefits derived from maintaining it. Keywords—Cultural heritage, legal regulation, risk management, preservation. I. INTRODUCTION ULTURAL heritage forms a deep and fundamental part of the identity of peoples and nations. It is expressed, whether be it tangible or intangible, in social customs, traditions and rituals, and unique physical objects, monuments, historical places and archeological sites. To visit these places in times of peace validates humanity’s shared civilization; however, in times of conflict, it is often damaged and hardest to repair. Cultural heritage has been protected by a number of charters, treaties, concords and edicts. These are essentially legal tools developed by the international community and adopted by almost all countries; prior to their application in any country, must be ratified locally by each of its signatories [1]. Egypt has witnessed two revolutions in less than 60 years; both had an impact on its architectural heritage. Following the first; (July 1952 revolution) the government introduced several of incorrect statutes to regulate Urban Egyptian Heritage; one Amany A. Ragheb is with Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 12311, Egypt (phone: +201005206790; fax: +2035465001; e-mail: raghebamany@yahoo.com). Ghada Ragheb is with Pharos University, Alexandria, 21311 Egypt (e- mail: ghada.ragheb@pua.edu.eg). Abd ElRahman A. is with Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (e- mail: ar.ragheb@hotmail.com). of which was the conversion of many of heritage buildings to become government and/or school buildings. During the second revolution (Arab Spring of January 2011), many heritage buildings were destroyed due to the absence of security. II. METHODOLOGY In order to achieve the postulated aim, this paper traces the following steps:  Defining Issues and challenges  Review Legal and Policy Framework to protect the cultural heritage.  Present the risk management strategy for cultural heritage  Review selected international models of devastated architectural heritage in conflict  Development of a strategy to stop the plundering of architectural heritage. III. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES A. Cultural Heritage Cultural Heritage is an expression of the means of living developed by a community and turned over from generation to generation as shown in Fig. 1, including customs, practices, values, places; objects and artistic expressions [2]. B. Different Types of Cultural Heritage Cultural Heritage can be differentiated into:  Intangible  Tangible  Built Environment (buildings, townscapes, Archaeological remains),  Natural Environment (agricultural heritage, landscapes, coasts, shorelines),  Artifacts (documents, objects, pictures, books). IV. CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS CHALLENGES Egypt’s architectural heritage is an unequaled resource, an irreplaceable expression of the wealth and diversity of the country’s past. Through the real quality, continued existence, and familiarity of the built heritage. Structures and places can, over time, acquire their character and unique interest. To enjoy this inheritance, it is necessary to ensure it is protected from harm or loss in order to be passed on to our successors [3]. Appealing maintenance, adaptation, and re-use can allow the architectural heritage to give aesthetic, environmental and economic benefits where the original use may not be possible. The creative challenge is to find suitable ways to fulfill the requirements of a structure to be safe, long-lasting and useful Amany A. Ragheb, Ghada Ragheb, Abd ElRahman A. Risk Management Strategy for Protecting Cultural Heritage: Case Study of the Institute of Egypt C World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering Vol:11, No:9, 2017 1275 International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(9) 2017 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10007914 International Science Index, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Vol:11, No:9, 2017 waset.org/Publication/10007914