Birds of Prey Bulletin No 4: (1991) TRENDS, STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE WHITE-TAILED SEA EAGLE Haliaeetus albicilla IN POLAND Tadeusz Mizera & Marian Szymkiewicz ABSTRACT The figures given to date for the Polish population of Haliaeetus albicilla have been greatly underestimated. New, much fuller data are presented. In the years 1981-1988 at least 202 pairs nested in Poland. There are no exact data from the whole country, but the population is estimated at 210-240 pairs. The average productivity was 0.93. In winter up to 275 eagles were recorded, mostly near rivers. Factors determining the increase in the population, and those threatening it, are enumerated. INTRODUCTION The status of the White-tailed Sea Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla has been given as vulnerable by King (1981). Estimates of the total breeding population vary, mainly due to the lack of precise data on what is probably the largest population, which is found in the Soviet Union. Another reason is the steady increase in the population recorded recently in a number of European countries. According to the figures given in Gensbol (1986), the European population of the White-tailed Sea Eagle amounts to 1,350-1,425 pairs. The largest occurs in Norway - 800 pairs (Acklam 1985) - although in the years 1956-1960 it was estimated at only 300-350 pairs (Willgohs 1977). In the Soviet Union there may be some 500 pairs nesting in the European region and 1,500 in the Asian region (Galushin 1984). General works published to date (Glutz et al. 1971; Cramp & Simmons 1980; Fischer 1982; Love 1983) gave the greatly underestimated figures of 1