CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 71, 2018
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Xiantang Zhang, Songrong Qian, Jianmin Xu
Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
I SBN 978-88-95608-68-6; I SSN 2283-9216
Design Optimization of an Automotive Fuel Tank for the
Minimization of Evaporative Losses of Gasoline Due to
Thermal Conduction: Experimental & Analytical Approach
Prashant Shukla*, Ram Kunwer, Swapnil Sureshchandra Bhurat
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; School of Engineering Studies, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun
248007, India
prashantshukla1617@gmail.com
Environment is being polluted due to several toxic gases like CO, CO
2
, NO
x
, and HC every day. The sectors
responsible for disturbing the balance of atmosphere are mainly industrial and transportation. CO mainly
evolved because of lack of oxygen during combustion, NO
x
evolve if combustion occurs at high temperature
and HC released to the atmosphere from exhaust and evaporation of fuel from the fuel tank. Data collection
and analysis revealed that the total evaporation loss is around 6 to 7 %. In this paper, an experiment was
performed on a two-wheeler tank, which is made of carbon steel sheet metal. Carbon steel sheet metal is one
of the major cause of gasoline evaporation due to its high thermal conductivity. In the experiment, evaporative
losses of gasoline is quantified along with the heat transfer analysis on the fuel tank body. Experimental
results revealed that evaporative loss in C-steel tank is 15.92% and in composite tank with insulated layer is
0.44%. Therefore, the obtained results must have a positive impact on environment i.e. low HC emission into
the environment.
1. Introduction
Pollution of environment is not only due to emission of hydrocarbon from the exhaust gases of vehicle, but
hydrocarbons present in gasoline are also responsible factor. Transportation plays a major role in GHG
(greenhouse gas) emission which is directly associated with climate change et al., 2018).It is released into the
environment from the tank of automobile when it is refueled and additionally all through transportation and
storage because of evaporation. Due to the evaporation of gasoline, organic vapor is released into the
atmosphere, which causes huge energy waste and severe environmental pollution like ozone pollution. and
Around 1.5 – 2% gasoline is evaporated in to the atmosphere, when it is shifted from producer to customer
and around 40% of the hydrocarbons( emitted by road transport) comes from the evaporation from the fuel
system of automobile with gasoline engines (Aulich et al., 1994; Hilpert et al., 2015; Jurušs and Seile, 2017).
MAC curve is a tool to target emission reduction in industrial sector(Atkins, Neale, Wu, & Walmsley, 2018).
Authors have also used CFD simulation air speed distribution and pollutants of exhaust (Zhan et al., 2018). It
is also observed that due to solar radiation, temperature of gasoline in fuel tank increases and evaporation
takes place, which is hazardous to human health. (Petrol, In, & Tanks, 2010) explained HC release during
refueling storage of gas stations and transferring the fuel to fuel tank and its effects on human health and
environment. It has been observed that the attendants on gas stations and the drivers of the vehicle are
mainly surviving from the health risk because of inhaling HC (Javelaud et al., 1998; Karakitsios et al., 2007).
Table 1 shows the statistics of USA and Canada gasoline consumption, with a presumption that if a small 0.1
% of HC is considered to be released in environment. When gasoline is evaporated, its composition and
properties also varies because different components evaporate at different rate. It is a general phenomenon of
the gasoline and occurs in all type of equipment fuel tanks. When gasoline is filled in tank, light component is
evaporated first which is essential element for octane benefits during cold start. Because when cold start
occurs these light component forms most of the air fuel mixture. In the absence of these light components
DOI: 10.3303/CET1871233
Please cite this article as: Shukla P., Kunwer R., Bhurat S.S., 2018, Design optimization of an automotive fuel tank for the minimization
of evaporative losses of gasoline due to thermal conduction: experimental & analytical approach, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 71,
1393-1398 DOI:10.3303/CET1871233
1393