2021 22
nd
International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON), Assiut University, Egypt
534
Economical Design of a Renewable Power Station Joined With an
Atmospheric Water Generator for Remote Areas Using Monte
Carlo Simulation
ABDULLAH A.ELFAR
Assistant Professor, Industrial
Department, Helwan University, Egypt,
currently on Badr University in Cairo,
Abdullah.Elfar@bue.edu.eg
S.NABIL
Projects Engineer, Belayim Petroleum
Company, Egypt.
Said_nb55@yahoo.com
A. HUSSIEN
Associate Professor, Mechanical
Department, the Higher Technological
Institute, Egypt.
A. SAMAHI
Professor, Electrical Department,
Helwan University, Egypt
el_samahya@yahoo.com
Abstract- The Atmospheric water generator or Air Water
Generator (AWG) is a device that uses the humid ambient air to
extract potable water. There are many ways to extract water
vapor in the air such as condensation which is the process of
cooling the air below its dew point, exposing the air to desiccants,
or pressurizing the air. AWG is designed to provide the potable
water.
In this research AWG is used for a remote area renewable power
station. Products of the station are pure water and electricity
generated by using the water extracted by the AWG. The
generated electricity used to supply the needs of the remote area
which isn't surrounded by any other power or water sources, also
for irrigation, agriculture, drinking water and …etc. Also a
comparison between Steam Power Stations and Hydro Power
Station using AWG has been carried out to find the economist
station using Monte-Carlo simulation.
Index Terms - Atmospheric water generator, Monte Carlo,
Simulation, Remote Area, Renewable Power Station.
I- INTRODUCTION
The Shortage of drinking water and the power is widely
spread in many countries all over the world; particularly the
regions of South Africa, Middle East and Central and southern
Asia [22]. Water from atmospheric air can be extracted by
many methods. One of these methods is absorbing method.
The absorbing method is carried out by cooling the moist air
to a certain temperature lower than its dew point; various
research work had been reported [1], [7] & [23].
Another method is the adsorbing method which is carried out
by using solid or liquid desiccant and recovering the extracted
water by heating the desiccant and condensed the evaporated
water [8] & [16]. Generally, water can be delivered to the
remote areas by different methods; transportation of water
from other locations, desalination of saline water and
harvesting water from atmospheric air. However, the first
method of water transportation through these regions is
usually costly, while the second one using desalination
depends on the presence of saline water resources, which is
usually rare in remote areas and the third; basically depends
on atmospheric air which is a huge and can be considered as a
renewable reservoir of water. The engineering decision for
choosing the suitable method depends on local climatic
conditions and economic factors such as capital, operating,
and energy costs.
The evaporated water from the surfaces of dry land and the
ocean is about 577000 Km3 in a year and the same amount
falls as precipitation. The annual discharge of river is only
about 7% of the total precipitation. The distribution of the
water content in the air is non-uniformly. Half of the total
amount of water vapor falls within the lower 1.5 km and the
other half falls within the troposphere. Near the earth’s
surface, the average absolute humidity is 11 g/m3, and in the
tropical regions, this value goes up to 25 g/m3 and higher [6].
AWG device is a creative solution for a massive trouble with
the water resources. The source of water feed this device is the
cheapest one all over the world which is the air. The extraction
of water then depends on the condensation of the air which is
rich with moisture content.
On the other hand, Providing drinking water to urban
neighborhoods requires large, connectable devices to extract
water from the air unlike small patented devices which they
could generate person's daily needs. The objective of the
present work is to highlight the different technological
processes used for moisture or dew collection from the
atmospheric air.
In this research the availability to produce electricity using
extracted water is presented. Also, this research covers the
theoretical background required for the water extraction
process using the dehumidification equations and
psychometric charts with different RH, Temperatures, and Air
flow rates. Extracting water from air becomes a state of the art
research field as mentioned.
II- AWG RENEWABLE POWER STATION SYSTEM
DESCRIPTION
The system mainly consists of two cycles; one of them is
the main cycle which is called water extraction system. The
water extraction system consists of four units which are a
water pump, an evaporator, a condenser and a compressor.
The other cycle is a secondary one and it might be a steam
cycle or a hydro cycle. The steam power cycle consists of a
pump, a boiler, a steam turbine and a condenser. The hydro
power cycle consists of a hydro turbine and a generator. The
extracted water from the air water generation cycle shall be
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