International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science Volume 2, Issue 6, October-November, 2014 ISSN 2091-2730 283 www.ijergs.org Review Paper on Energy Audit of a Boiler in Thermal Power Plant Gaurav T. Dhanre, Urvashi T. Dhanre, Krunal Mudafale Mtech Scholar, DBACER,gauravdhanre@gmail.com Mob no.9028290903 Mtech Scholar, KITS, urvashidhanre@gmail.com Assistant Professor, DBACER, krunalp.mudafale@gmail.com Abstract— The world over energy resources are getting scarcer and increasingly exorbitant with time. In India bridging the ever- widening gap between energy demand and supply by increasing supply is an expensive option. The share of energy costs in total production costs can, therefore improve profit levels in all the industries. This reduction can be achieved by improving the efficiency of industrial operations and equipments. Energy audit plays an important role in identifying energy conservation opportunities in the industrial sector, while they do not provide the final answer to the problem; they do help to identify potential for energy conservation and induces the companies to concentrate their efforts in this area in a focused manner. Keywords— Thermal Power Plant, Boiler, Boiler efficiency, Audit, Direct Method, Indirect Method, Coal. INTRODUCTION About 70% of energy generation capacity is from fossil fuels in India. Coal consumption is 40% of India's total energy consumption which followed by crude oil and natural gas at 24% and 6% respectively. India is dependent on fossil fuel import to fulfill its energy demands. The energy imports are expected to exceed 53% of the India's total energy consumption. In 2009-10, 159.26 million tones of the crude oil is imported which amounts to 80% of its domestic crude oil consumption. The percentage of oil imports are 31% of the country's total imports. The demand of electricity has been hindered by domestic coal shortages. Cause of this, India's coal imports is increased by 18% for electricity generation in 2010.India has one of the world's fastest growing energy markets due to rapid economic expansion. It is expected to be the second largest contributor to the increase in global energy demand by 2035. Energy demand of India is increasing and limited domestic fossil fuel reserves. The country has ambitious plans to expand its renewable energy resources and plans to install the nuclear power industries. India has the world's fifth largest wind power market and plans to add about 20GW of solar power capacity. India increases the contribution of nuclear power to overall electricity generation capacity from 4.2% to 9%. The country has five nuclear reactors under construction. Now, India became third highest in the world who is generating the electricity by nuclear and plans to construct 18 additional nuclear reactors by 2025, then India will become second highest in the world. M. J. Poddar, Mrs. A.C.Birajdar (2013) [7]: As per the study carried out by M. J. Poddar and Mrs. A.C.Birajdar, the share of energy costs in total production costs can get improves profit levels in all the industries. It can be achieved by improving the efficiency of industrial operations and equipments. Energy audit plays an important role in identifying energy conservation opportunities in the industrial sector, while they do not provide the final answer to the problem, they do help to identify potential for energy conservation and induces the companies to concentrate their efforts in this area in a focused manner. Energy audit is a vital link in the entire energy management chain. The overall program includes other managerial and operational activities and responsibilities. However, the audit process is the most important part of the program and is essential to the program’s implementation. In this project, the study is mainly targeted at identifying, sustainable and economically viable energy cost saving opportunities in boiler section of Unit-III of Parli Thermal Power Station, Parli-Vaijanath. The study shows that, there is a significant cost saving opportunities and recommendations have been made to realize this potential.In the methodology, types of energy audit are provided. Factor affecting the operating efficiency of boiler The factor affecting the operating efficiency of boiler are mentioned, initially the coal where it is available with wider variations in specification, from the designed ones. The effects due to variations are highlighted in this paper. Next major factor is total air quality. With the reduction in total air indicated by percentage increase in carbon dioxide, the stack losses would reduce and air temperature will fall at air heater outlet. The fan power (ID and FD) will decrease, but the unburnt material will increase and also after a certain point unburnt gas may appear leading to increase in loss. The variation in coal characteristics has not much effect on optimum percentage of carbon dioxide, but the variation in load do have effect, primarily because the mixing of the fuel and air is not good. Typical losses in boiler By using various formulae the losses are evaluated here such as dry flue gas loss, wet flue gas loss including moisture in fuel loss, moisture in combustion air loss. In this way efficiency evaluation of FD, PA & ID fans is done at two different loads i.e. at 185mW and 180mW. The comparative study has been done. From the audit it is concluded that the major reasons for having lower efficiency are poor quality of coal and air leakages. Efficiency of the boiler is increased by 0.27% by reducing air leakage about 6% in air heater.