Jordan Journal of Business Administration, Volume 5, No. 1, 2009
- 97 -
Portfolio Hedging with Option Strategies: An Applied Study in Amman Stock
Exchange (ASE)
Ass'ad Al-Ali and Rula H. Al-Halaseh
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of ATM covered call writing and ATM protective put option
strategies in pure portfolio performance from risk and return dimensions. Consequently, the study aimed to investigate
whether the two hedged portfolios perform better than unhedged portfolio, testifying the study hypotheses and to
answer the relative questions. The study sample consisted of fifty five companies listed in ASE. Quarterly return of
individual stocks after hedging with option strategies as a dependent variable and equally weighted index return (a
proxy of market portfolio) as an independent variable were used. Black and Scholes model has been implemented to
calculate the ATM option call and put prices. Basic investment characteristics were calculated using Market Model for
individual stocks and portfolios.
The study concluded that covered call option is superior to the other two strategies and more desirable for hedging in
ASE. Both hedging strategies result in magnificent reduction in unsystematic risk. Simultaneously, the covered call
strategy result in considerable reduction in systematic risk. Hedging a portfolio by selling covered call strategy lead to
improve the performance of the portfolio according to the AIMR’s measures, Sharpe ;Treynor ; Alpha Jensen; CAPM
and Sortino Ratios.
Keywords: Hedging strategies; Call and Put options; Modern portfolio theory; Securities analysis; Black & Scholes Model;
Amman Stock Exchange.
INTRODUCTION
The increasing volatility of the equity market in
recent years has been very deleterious for portfolio
managers with strong risk constraints. This is
particularly true for pension funds, banks investment
portfolios, insurance companies, and individuals who
wish to preserve their capital. Moreover, the recession of
Arab stocks during the first quarter of the year 2006 had
extended to Amman Stock Exchange; this caused stocks
to drop in value. At the same time, share prices
fluctuated randomly without any means to control them.
For example, Amman Stock Exchange revealed
declining performance in stock prices for listed
companies throughout the year 2006, as the weighted
price index closed at 5518 points at year-end of 2006
compared with 8192 points at the year-end 2005 – i.e. a
33% decrease. To overcome such volatilities, Modern
Portfolio Theory offers diversity, which eliminates
unsystematic risk. However, portfolios are still exposed
to systematic risk which constitutes about 50% of the
total risk for diversified portfolios (Tergesen, 2001).This
has caused great concern in many well-developed
financial markets about controlling risk connected with
volatility and developing a number of financial
innovations and strategies that can be used to hedge
portfolio risk.
From among other option hedging strategies, this
study had a particular interest in the buy-write strategy
(the so-called covered call strategy) and selling covered
put (the so-called protective put strategy). Buy-write
strategy combines a long position on a stock or a basket
of stocks and simultaneously a short position on a call
Received on 2/3/2008 and Accepted for Publication on
20/10/2008.
© 2009 DAR Publishers/University of Jordan. All Rights Reserved.