20 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ABSTRACT Aim: to fnd out correlation between plasma adiponectin levels, insulin resistance and IDF criteria of Mets Patients. Methods: a case-control study was conducted on Native Javanese people from June 2006 to Januari 2007 in Outpatients Clinic of Dr Sardjito Hospital. The case group involved patients aged between 20 to 55 years old. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was confrmed according to IDF criteria. Patients without metabolic syndrome with matching age and sex,were taken as contro group. Results: there were signifcant differences between case andh control group for BMI (body mass index) (30.2 + 4.1 vs 26.9 + 4.7 kg/m 2 ), waist circumference (93.5 + 7.9 vs 84.4 + 11.5 cm), triglyceride (207.4 + 101.8 vs. 119.3 + 71.5 mg/ dL) , HDL cholesterol (48.6 + 9.4 vs. 59.9 + 11.8m g/dL), systolic blood pressure (132.8 + 17.9mmHg vs 120.6 + 13.5 mmHg) and and diastolic blood pressure (83.8 + 8.5 mmHg vs. 79.4 + 10.7), fasting blood glucose (128.3 + 40.8 mg/ dL vs. 100.7 + 29.4 mg/dL), HOMA index (6.7 + 17.4 vs. 2.0 + 2.0) and adiponectin levels (3.8 + 1.4 vs. 5.9 + 2.5), respectively. For metabolic syndrome, hypoadiponectinemia showed the OR value of 6.0 (95% CI 2.13 to 16.98); insulin resistance showed the OR value of 5.7 (95% CI 1.3 to 25.02), after adjustment for waist circumference, TG, HLD, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose. Conclusion: hypoadiponectinemia and insulin resistance represent independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome development. Key words : hypoadiponectinemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, IDF criteria. Hypoadiponectinemia: A Risk Factor For Metabolic Syndrome Olly Renaldi, Bowo Pramono, Hemi Sinorita, Luthfan Budi Purnomo, Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie, Ahmad H Asdie Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University-Dr. Sardjito Hospital. Jl. Kesehatan Sekip no.1, Yogyakarta. Correspondence mail to: ollyrenaldi@ygy.centrin.net.id InTRoduCTIon The Metabolic syndrome, a condition characterized by central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia, is a major and increasingly prevalent disorder in the developing world. The two primary risk factors for development of the metabolic syndrome apart from genetic factors are overweight/ obesity and physical inactivity. 1 Obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, orthopedic problems, and many other chronic diseases. The incidence of obesity has dramatically increased and has become epidemic in the western world. The etiology is multifactorial, with ge- netic, environmental, socioeconomic, and behavioral or psychological infuences, with an increase in the related morbidity and mortality. Obesity is the fnal consequence of a chronic positive energy balance, regulated by a com- plex network between endocrine tissues and the central nervous system. Fat tissue is increasingly viewed as an active endocrine organ with a high metabolic activity. Adipocytes produce and secrete several proteins that act as veritable hormones, responsible for the regulation of energy intake and expenditure. Many of these hormones, collectively called adipokines, play important roles in the infammatory and atherosclerotic processes. Adiponec- tin is one of the most abundant adipose tissue-specifc factors and appears to improve insulin sensitivity and inhibits vascular infammation. Adiponectin is inversely correlated with leptin, its plasma levels are signifcantly reduced in obese subjects, in insulin-resistant subjects, and in type 2 diabetic patients and increased after weight reduction. Two independent case-control studies in healthy Caucasians and in Pima Indians indicate that low plasma adiponectin levels are associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes 2,3,4 and hypoadiponectine-