Cryptogamie, Mycologie, 2009, 30 (1):39-44 © 2009 Adac. Tous droits réservés A new Lactarius species from Togo with anisolated phylogenetic position Kobeke VAN DE PUTTE a ,André DE KESEL b ,Jorinde NUYTINCK a &Annemieke VERBEKEN a* a Ghent University,Dpt. Biology,K.L.Ledeganckstraat35, B-9000 Gent,Belgium b National Botanic Garden of Belgium,Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise,Belgium Abstract Lactarius cocosmus Van de Putte &De Kesel sp. nov.is described from Uapaca woodlands in Togo. The species has a remarkable coconut-smell,whichis typical forsome European and North American Lactarius species but is observed here forthe first time in a milkcapfrom Africa. Unpublished molecular data showthatthe speciesrepresents a new phylogenetic group forthe African continent. Lactarius /taxonomy / tropical Africa / ectomycorrhizalfungi / Uapaca woodlands RésuLactarius cocosmus Van de Putte &De Kesel sp. nov.est crit des forêts à Uapaca du Togo. L’esceproduitune odeur forte de noix de coco. Cette odeur typique de certaines esces d’Europe et d’Ariquedu Nordest constatée ici pour la première fois chezune esce africaine. Les données moléculaires indiquent que cetteesce constitue un nouveau groupe phylogénétique pour le continent africain. Lactarius / taxonomie /Afrique tropicale / ectomycorhize / forêUapaca INTRODUCTION The diversity of the ectomycorrhizal genus Lactarius Pers. in tropical Africa is high and newspecies continue to be described (Verbeken et al., 2008). A new monograph treats 96species (Verbeken & Walleyn, 2009) but the real number of species is estimated to be at least 125(Verbeken &Buyck, 2001). Records from Togo are still rather scarce. Eighteen Lactarius species are knownfrom the country, including L. foetens Verbeken & Van Rooij, L. afroscrobiculatus Verbeken & Van Rooij and L. miniatescens Verbeken & Van Rooij,all described from Benin. The country is poorly explored and sofar no new specieswere described from Togo. The species mentioned here were found bythe second author in the nationalpark of Fazao-Malfakassa. Thisreserve of 192000 ha issituated in *Corresponding author: mieke.verbeken@ugent.be