International Journal of Electrical Electronics & Computer Science Engineering Volume 2, Issue 4 (August, 2015) | E-ISSN : 2348-2273 | P-ISSN : 2454-1222 Available Online at www.ijeecse.com 54 Micro Strip Patch Antenna for UWB Wireless Applications: A Review Mugdha A. Kango Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Modern College of Engineering, Pune mugdhakango@gmail.com Abstract: Microstrip patch antennas have become the favourite of antenna designers because of its versatility and advantages of planar profile, ease of fabrication, compatibility with integrated circuit technology, and conformability with a shaped surface. Microstrip Patch antenna (MPA) is basically a low profile antenna used mostly in all wireless communication devices. In this paper a comparative study of various shapes of patches (E, Hexagonal, Circular, Z, and Sawtooth) with their characteristics & applications is discussed. Keywords: Microstrip patch antennas, low profile, E, Hexagonal, Circular, Z, Sawtooth patch. I. INTRODUCTION In recent days of fast growing & nanotechnology, the research on low profile antennas for wireless communication devices has increased the interest of researchers & engineers. Microstrip antenna are used in communication systems owing to their advantages such as low profile, conformability, low manufacturing cost and easy association with other circuit components [1]. Microstrip or patch antennas are becoming increasingly useful because they can be printed directly onto a circuit board. Microstrip antennas are becoming very widespread within the mobile phone market. Patch antennas are low cost, have a low profile and are easily fabricated. Fig.1 Top View of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Simple microstrip antenna is shown in Figure 1, fed by a microstrip transmission line. The patch antenna, microstrip transmission line and ground plane are made of high conductivity metal (typically copper). The patch is of length L, width W, and sitting on top of a substrate (some dielectric circuit board) of thickness h with permittivity ℇr. The thickness of the ground plane or of the microstrip is not critically important. Typically the height h is much smaller than the wavelength of operation, but not much smaller than 0.05 of a wavelength. [2] Fig. 2 Side View of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna The advantages of printed microstrip antenna are light weight and low volume, low profile planar configuration which can be easily made conformal to host surface, low fabrication cost, hence can be manufactured in large quantities, supports both, linear as well as circular polarization. Microstrip antenna can be easily integrated with microwave integrated circuits (MICs), and mechanically robust when mounted on rigid surfaces. [8] Along with the advantages this type of antenna has certain disadvantages as well such as low bandwidth, lesser gain, low efficiency which influence the capability of this antenna [1]. Various researches are being done by the researchers to overcome these disadvantages by using different patch geometry such as using E shaped patch, U shaped patch ,L shaped patch etc. Other methods to overcome these disadvantages includes use of different dielectric materials ,use of substrate of different thickness, cutting various notches and slots in the patch geometry, antenna array etc. for improving the performance which make this antenna suitable for different applications such as cellular phones, pagers, radar systems, and satellite communications systems. [3] II. LITERATURE REVIEW Microstrip antenna was first introduced in the 1950s. However, this concept had to wait for about 20 years to be realized after the development of the printed circuit board (PCB) technology in the 1970s. The rapid development of microstrip antenna technology began in the late 1970s. By