2021, Volume 3, Issue 4 320 Journal of Chemical Reviews Review Article: A Review on Advancements of Nanocomposites as Efficient Anode Modifier Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cell Performance Improvement Yilkal Dessie* ,1 │Sisay Tadesse 2 1 Applied Chemistry Department, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia 2 Chemistry Department, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia Use yor device to scan and read the article online Citation Y. Dessie*, S. Tadesse, A Review on Advancements of Nanocomposites as Efficient Anode Modifier Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cell Performance Improvement. J. Chem. Rev., 2021, 3(4), 320-344. https://doi.org/10.22034/JCR.2021.314327.1128 Article info: Received: 09 November 2021 Accepted: 20 November 2021 Available Online: 22 November 2021 ID: JCR-2111-1128 Checked for Plagiarism: Yes Language Editor: Dr. Behrouz Jamalvandi Peer Reviewers Approved by: Dr. Parvin Hajiabbasi Editor who Approved Publication: Prof. Dr. Ghasem Rezanejade Bardajee Keywords: Nanocomposites, Transition metal oxide, Conducting polymers, Plant extract, Microbial fuel cell A B S T R A C T Non-renewable energy sources produced from natural coal and oil may result in climate change and global warming as greenhouse gases release to the environment. This reason faces the main utilization of energy sources on renewable and alternate green energy to deliver power. Thus, microbial fuel cell device is one of the cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy conversion devices that uses renewable organic wastes as fuel source and converts this stored chemical energy in to useful bioelectricity simultaneously with treating the waste in the presence of biocatalyst. Therefore, it is the most cost effective and simple electrochemical technique that delivers renewable energies. Most of the time electrodes of fuel cells are commercialized and depends on platinum catalyst. Obviously, platinum and its family cost are so expensive. To solve this, researchers are focused on low- cost electrode materials fabrication but still they are in low performance towards wastewater and current generations. Currently, conventional carbon materials are utilized as anode electrodes in laboratory even in pilot scale microbial fuel cell system but are ineffective in their performances due to various reasons. So, to improve performances, anode electrodes were modified with nanocomposites composed from low-cost transition metal oxides and conducting polymeric materials. Therefore, in this review possible ways of transition metal oxide synthesis including green method to form composite with selective conducting polymers, composite modification of anode and its role for wastewater treatment, dye removal as well as bioelectricity generations are briefly discussed. Introduction on-renewable energy sources from coal, oil, and flammable gas, have been utilized to satisfy the world's energy needs for a centuries [1]. However, all of these energy sources are a reason for climate change and global warming [2]. So, the need for renewable and alternate green energy that is regenerated by natural processes as power sources devices from solar, wind, biomass, hydropower, geothermal, and fuel cells (FCs) are N *Corresponding Author: Yilkal Dessie (yilikaldessie@gmail.com)