International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v10i1.5513 Article Received: 22 November 2021 Revised: 10 December 2021 Accepted: 28 December 2021 Publication: 25 January 2022 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 IJRITCC | January 2022, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org Mobile Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols – Using OPNET Simulator Madhavi S. Avhankar Computer Science Indira College of Commerce and Science Pune, Maharashtra, Indialine 3: City, Country Madhavi.avhankar@gmail.com Dr. Janardan A. Pawar Computer Science Indira College of Commerce and Science Pune, Maharashtra, Indialine 3: City, Country janardanp@gmail.com Snehankita Majalekar Computer Science Indira College of Commerce and Science Pune, Maharashtra, India Snehankita.majalekar@gmail.com Suwarna Kedari Computer Science Indira College of Commerce and Science Pune, Maharashtra, India suwarna.kedari@gmail.com Abstract— Mobile Ad Hoc Networks have evolved rapidly and are finding numerous applications in the areas of self- creating, self-organizing and self-administering wireless networks. The present paper describes use of and comparison of three routing protocols. The parameters used for comparison are throughput and delay in response by varying the number of mobile nodes. A random waypoint mobility model was used for fixing the mobile nodes. The simulation study is carried out using OPNET modeler 14.5. Simulation result shows that for increasing number of mobile nodes OLSR offers better throughput and minimum delay than AODV and GRP routing protocols. Keywords- MANET, OPNET, Routing Protocols, throughput, delay. I. INTRODUCTION MANET Mobile Ad hoc network [1] is a way to communicate different mobile device without any central administration or infrastructure. This property of MANET makes it unique and different among all other networks. The major challenges of Mobile Ad hoc networks are dynamic topology, radio communicating for multi-hop communication, bandwidth limitation, frequently breakage of links [2], power and resource constraint [3], physical security, network control without centralised access etc [4]. As MANET networks forms autonomous and communicating in an infrastructure less environment, they are gaining importance with huge number of applications in the commercial, military and private sectors. Various routing protocols have been designed to exchange the information between different MANET nodes. Efficient routing protocols are key components of successful, reliable and proficient communications. These protocols are classified into three categories. Proactive or Table-driven routing protocols, Reactive or On-demand routing protocols and Hybrid (both proactive and reactive) routing protocols. In reactive routing approach, a routing protocol does not take the initiative for finding a route to a destination, until it is required, resulting less overhead of control traffic [5]. E.g. AODV [6], DSR [7]. On the other hand, Proactive protocols mainly concern to provide route immediately as and when needed and are based on timely exchange of control messages for route discovery and maintenance. To send frequent updates of topology proactive routing protocol uses most of the bandwidth of the network. [8]. The examples of this kind of protocols are OLSR [9], DSDV [10] etc. Hybrid MANET protocols combine the features of both the classes i.e table driven and on demand. These category protocols keep route available for some destination all the time as like proactive feature and discovers the route for other destination only when it is required as like reactive protocol feature. ZRP [11], GRP [12] and TORA are the examples of hybrid protocols. To better understanding and utilization of the routing protocols it important to study and compared various routing protocols from different category. OPNET OPNET is one of the general-purpose simulator tool, build to check the performance of networking projects. It has some