Integrated Journal of Social Sciences Integr. J. Soc. Sci., 2020, 7(1), 14-23 14 Integr. J. Soc Sci., 2020, 7(1), 14-23 . Insight . INTEGRATED JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Global Climate change and its effects Indu Nashier, 1* Poonam Lakra 2 1 Department of Biology, 2 Department of Home Science, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Bawana, Delhi-110039. India. Received: 05-Mar-2020, Accepted and Published on: 09-Apr-2020. ABSTRACT An increase in the average global temperature and an overall change in the climate is referred to as Global Warming. Natural processes and anthropogenic activities are the main contributors to such an increase in the world’s average temperature.0ver the years, scientists and environmentalists have achieved a common consensus that the global warming scenario is being aggravated by the Green House Gases (released during the combustion of fossil fuels, which in turn causes pollution as well). These Green House Gases have given rise to an increased rate of global warming. This wouldn’t have been the case if fossil fuels were not used. Scientists have come to another conclusion that the effects of global warming will be very long lasting and that they will not only affect the climate conditions but also will lead to erratic temperature changes, increase in the losses due to floods and storms, melting of ice caps, rising sea levels, damage to the biodiversity, increased mortality and frequent outbreak of diseases. Climatic change is the most dangerous environmental issue faced by the world today. It is one of the biggest challenges that the world is currently struggling to fight in the best way possible. The effect of global warming is prevalent in every part of the globe, affecting all types of societies, cultures, and geographies. This paper is aimed to review the climate changes and their impacts and implications on the world. Some of the possible remedies to minimize the further impact of global warming have been investigated and suggested. Keywords: Climate, Global warming, Green House impact, ozone depletion, environment Introduction Climatic changes can lead to a variety of potential environmental, social, and economic impacts. In most of the scenarios these impacts will always be towards the negative side and in some rare cases they can also be favorable (increase in crop yield of a certain type). The severity of the impact will only increase with the rise in the average global temperature. Even if global warming is regulated to keep within the 2 degree Celsius range, relative to pre- industrial levels, adverse impacts will still be most likely to be visible and that would also call for measures to adopt to new climatic changes and new conditions. If this 2-degree Celsius threshold is overstepped, it has been analyzed that the consequences will be far more severe, more widespread, and eventually be irreversible. Climate changes bring with them extreme weather incidents, like heat waves, acute rainfalls, floods, storms, drought, and forest fires to begin with. In 1979, at the World Climate Conference, a scientific gathering, it was said that the climatic change is a problem and plans were endorsed to establish a world climate programme under the joint responsibility of the WMO (World Meteorological Organization), UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme) and the ICSU(International Council of Scientific Unions). In1988, IPCC was established by the WMO and the UNEP. The IPCC is a scientific establishment that is responsible to oversee the reviews and assess the most recent scientific, and socio-economic information produced at a global scale, relevant to the topic of climate change. In 1990, the IPCC released the first assessment report stating that the “emission resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, which in turn called for a global climate treaty”. In 1992, a United Nations Framework Convention on climate change was adopted across 196 countries. The countries and parties of this organization meet on an annual basis at the Conference of Parties to negotiate multilateral responses to climate change. The conventions stated the ultimate goals to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to a level enough to prevent dangerous anthropogenic activities that harm the climate. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted; making it the world's first Green House Gases Emissions Reduction Treaty based on the principle of commons but differentiated responsibilities. In Copenhagen (2009), it was formally accepted that the optimum change (increase) in the temperature around the globe must be kept within a 2 degree Celsius range. Currently, a very huge proportion of the energy need of the world is fulfilled by Fossil Fuels. To keep the Global Warming Levels within the regulated boundary of 2-degreeCelsius, sincere efforts need to be made in the direction of generating power supply using renewable sources of energy. Inflicting a cost on Carbon will be one of the most impactful ways to make sure that the world moves towards a lower carbon era and *Corresponding Author: Dr. Indu Nashier Gahlawat Associate Professor, Aditi Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, Bawana-110039, Delhi, India. Tel: 9811241935 Email: induingahlawat@gmail.com ----------- Cite as: Integr. J. Soc. Sci., 2020, 7(1), 14-23. ©iScienceIn Publishing IJSS ISSN: 2348-0874 http://pubs.iscience.in/ijss