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Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Journal homepage: www.zjrms.ir
Psychiatric Disorders in Patients with Idiopathic Tonic-Clonic Seizure
Behnaz Sedighi,
1
Rostam Seifaddini,
2
Farhad Iranmanesh,*
2
Maziar Oveysi
3
1. Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2. Department of Neurology, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
3. General Physician, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Article information Abstract
Article history:
Received: 23 Dec 2012
Accepted: 13 Feb 2013
Available online: 13 Aug 2013
ZJRMS 2015 Jan; 17(1): 40-42
Background: Mental disorders severely affect the quality of life of epileptic patients. Due
to the lack of adequate research, in the present study we assessed psychiatric disorders in
patients with idiopathic tonic-clonic seizure.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional research was conducted on 170
patients using the SCL-90-R questionnaire and the results were analyzed by t-test and χ
2
test.
Results: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients was 38.8%. In order, the
highest frequency belonged to obsessive compulsive, depression and interpersonal
sensitivity 46.5%.
Conclusion: Mental disorders are present in a high percentage of epileptic patients, which
shows the need for psychological evaluation.
Copyright © 2015 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Keywords:
Seizure
Mental
Health
Introduction
pilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological
diseases and its tonic-clonic form is the most
common and best known. Studies show that 26-
35% of patients with this complication suffer from mental
disorders [1]. Studies show that the presence of some
psychological disorders intensifies and even increases the
chance of seizure onset [2, 3]. These disorders have a
broad spectrum such as depression, anxiety, psychosis,
agoraphobia, etc [4]. According to high prevalence of
epilepsy (1.2-1.8% of lifetime) [5], mentioned issues
about psychiatric disorders in epileptic patients, and
necessity of regional studies, this research was conducted
to determine the prevalence and types of psychiatric
disorders in patients with idiopathic tonic-clonic seizure
(ITCS).
Materials and Methods
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was
performed through simple sampling of 170 patients with
ITCS. The population, who were diagnosed to have ITCS
by neurologists, was consisted of direct referrals to Shafa
hospital or referrals from private offices of Kerman city.
The diagnosis was confirmed through physical findings
and history (no aura, no focal signs), normal MRI, CT
brain scans and laboratory findings. In addition, the
patients had no abnormal focal findings in EEG. Patients
who seized after head trauma and patients with mental
retardation (IQ below 70) were excluded. Patients who
had another disease or have been taking drugs other than
antiepileptic medicines (especially psychiatric drugs) and
patients abusing alcohol and drug were also excluded. A
demographic questionnaire was completed for each
patient. Participation in the study was voluntary and the
research was approved by the ethics committee of
Kerman University. Sample size was determined as 170
subjects with 5% alpha, 10% beta and also, power of
study was 90%. The Symptom Checklist-90-Revised
(SCL-90-R) questionnaire, which reliability and validity
was confirmed in Iran, was used to assess psychiatric
disorders [6]. This test consists of 90 questions which
examine 9 major psychiatric disorders. These aspects
include: anxiety, hostility, depression, interpersonal
sensitivity, somatization, obsessive-compulsive, phobic
anxiety, paranoid ideation. Scoring of this 90 questions
questionnaire includes five degrees (none=0, little=1,
some=2, much=3, very much=4). To determine the
prevalence of each mental disorder, a cut of point equal to
2.5 or greater was used and mean scores of 2.5 or more in
each dimension was considered as morbid state. The test
was interpreted using the Global Severity Index (GSI). In
this index, the cut of point is 1.3 [6]. To analyze the data,
SPSS-17 software and descriptive statistics (mean,
frequency percent, and standard deviation), and t-test and
χ
2
test were used. In this study, p≤0.05 was considered
statistically significant.
Results
In the present research, 170 patients were evaluated
whose age range was 15 to 60 years. The mean duration
of suffering from epilepsy and the mean age of onset were
9.6±8.69 and 14.4±10 years, respectively. The prevalence
of psychiatric disorders in patients was 38.8%. There was
any correlation between gender, age, education, family
history, hospitalization history, and status history with
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