https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04605-y The Primary Drivers of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Along the Water Table Gradient in the Zoige Alpine Peatland Wantong Zhang · Jinzhi Wang · Zhengyi Hu · Yong Li · Zhongqing Yan · Xiaodong Zhang · Haidong Wu · Liang Yan · Kerou Zhang · Xiaoming Kang Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 15 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Abstract Zoige alpine peatland as the highest and largest peat swamp area in the world plays an impor- tant role in regulating global climate change and stabilizing GHG emissions, and GHG emissions are getting more and more concern due to water table decline induced by the combined effects of climate warming and digging ditches in Zoige alpine peat- land. Therefore, emissions of CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O were investigated in situ along different water table transects in Zoige peatland. Results showed that the CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes increased along the reduced water table gradient except the lowest water table sites, while CH 4 flux was decreased. Meanwhile, the global warming potential decreased from 798.6 to 430.9 g Wantong Zhang and Jinzhi Wang contributed equally to this work. W. Zhang · J. Wang · Y. Li · Z. Yan · X. Zhang · H. Wu · L. Yan · K. Zhang · X. Kang () Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Beijing 100091, China e-mail: xmkang@ucas.ac.cn W. Zhang · Z. Hu Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China J. Wang · Y. Li · Z. Yan · X. Zhang · H. Wu · L. Yan · K. Zhang · X. Kang Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba 624500, China CO 2 eq m 2 h 1 with the declined water table. Step- wise multiple regression analysis demonstrated that SOC was the primary factor explaining the variations of CO 2 and N 2 O fluxes across different water table levels, and soil water content was the most important factor to explain the CH 4 flux. Water table was the primary driver to determine the GHG fluxes, and the CO 2 and N 2 O emissions were also dependent on the SOC variations. Overall, our results would be benefi- cial to understand the mechanism of water table effect on GHG emission in alpine peatland ecosystem and provide supports for alpine peatland management in the future. Keywords Greenhouse gases · Water table · Alpine peatland · Zoige · Global warming potential 1 Introduction Peatlands, containing one-third global soil organic carbon, have been confirmed to play important roles in the global carbon cycles. The total carbon storage of peatlands in the world was estimated to be 400– 500 Gt (Yu et al. 2010). Peatlands accumulate carbon and function as carbon sinks as a result of water logging under anaerobic conditions and low temper- ature (Dorrepaal et al. 2009). This large, long-term carbon pool was also considered the essential contrib- utor to the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially for CO 2 and CH 4 (Tiemeyer et al. 2016). Water, Air and Soil Pollution (2020) 231: 224 / Published online: 5 May 2020