International Journal of Research in Environmental Science (IJRES)
Volume 3, Issue 1, 2017, PP 1-9
ISSN 2454-9444 (Online)
http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-9444.0301001
www.arcjournals.org
©ARC Page | 1
Evaluating Construction Challenges of Private Housing
Developers within Various Income Areas of Jos Metropolis
Achoru Afam Mike, Ashen Musa Jacob
Department of Estate Management, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Abstract: Housing is said to be a crucial/basic need for humans just as food and clothing. Housing
Construction challenges have over the years led to limited housing development and supply. This work
evaluates these challenges within various residential income areas of Jos metropolis and tries to proffer
solutions via recommendations. The income areas include Rayfield, G.R.A and Gold & Base (High Income).
Millionaires quarters, Lamingo and Rock Heaven (Middle income) while Jenta, Gada Biu, Rikkos, Hwolse and
Angwan Rogo represented the low income areas. A structured questionnaire containing housing construction
challenges was designed for the study. 90 copies were distributed to staff of Jos Electricity distribution company
(JEDC) (30 for high, 30 for middle and 30 for low income areas) and 90 retrieved. Data analysis tools used
were percentage score method Standard deviation/mean score calculation. Results for standard deviation, mean
score values and ranking of challenge factors are provided via tables for the various income areas. The findings
are revealed and recommendations to curb these challenges are proffered.
Keywords: Housing, Construction, Challenges, Income Areas.
1. INTRODUCTION
Housing (Shelter) is unarguably one of the basic necessities of man. It used to be ranked second after
food in the hierarchy of man‟s needs but according to Ebie (2009) it is the first and most important of
all rights. Ebie (2009) further expressed that because of the importance attached to provision of
housing and coupled with the fact that housing in all its ramifications is more than mere shelter since
it embraces all social services and utilities that go to make a community or neighbourhood a liveable
environment, it is now a right. Affordability refers to people‟s ability to purchase essential (or basic)
goods and services, such as adequate housing, healthy food, and medical care (Olotuah, 2009). This
however is hindered by construction challenges in the process of housing development. This further
implies that basic amenities and policies can be made available to regulate, control and effectively
hasten housing development process (Peterside, 2005). Peterside (2005) further expressed that
challenge of housing construction range from one income level to another. Enlightenment on these
challenges will go a long way to determine investment decision making. In order for housing to be
achieved at all levels, its process must overcome construction challenges (Peterside, 2005).
The term private housing development refers to the creation of housing for a person or group of
people either through direct construction or by contract/ extended labour services. Affordable housing
is a term used to describe housing units whose total housing costs are deemed “affordable” to a group
of people within a specified income range. This in turn means that challenges would have been
overcome during the process of construction. When a person‟s income level does not match the
housing construction project about to be embarked on, numerous challenges are will definitely occur
which may lead to project delay or abandonment (Kanu, 2012). In Nigeria, qualitative private housing
has been and is still an illusion to lower and middle class Nigerians, as governments are not prepared
to really provide affordable housing to citizens (Ajanlekoko, 2001).
1.1. Aim And Objectives
The aim of this study is to evaluate housing construction challenges faced by private developers in
various residential income areas of Jos metropolis with a view to developing a tabular breakdown
encompassing the challenges from data obtained. This will be guided with the following objectives;