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Introduction
The common human corona viruses 229 E (alpha corona virus),
NL63 (alpha corona virus), OC43 (beta corona virus) and HKU1
(beta corona virus) result in common cold. It is now clear that there
are 3 human corona viruses that lead to a more severe acute illness;
MERS-CoV that lead to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS),
SARS-CoV that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
and SARS-CoV-2 the reason for COVID-19.
There are inadequate case series that document the efect of
covid-19 during gestation. In women infected by SARS or MERS, the
mortality is higher in those infected during gestation in comparison to
non-pregnant women.
1
Discussion
There are no data on corona infection during frst trimester of
gestation. In a previous study, miscarriage occurred to four of seven
cases.
2
A case was reported with sore throat and fever with positive
covid-19 infection at 34 weeks with deterioration of her condition
and ICU admission and needed ECMO, her baby was still birth and
delivered by CS.
3
Zhang et al.
4
documented a series of 5 pregnant ladies with
positive SARS, 2 of them in the second trimester, 3 in third trimester,
fetal death occurred in one fetus in a twin pregnancy while the other
survived till the end of pregnancy.
4
2 pregnancy losses were documented in women infected with
MERS. One fetal loss happened at 20 weeks.
5
Chen et al.
6
made a
study showed that among 32 women that had COVID-19, 15 pregnant
women had a preterm delivery.
6
In a research made by Zhu et al.
7
7 pregnant ladies who delivered
by CS and 2 by vaginal delivery; 5 females out of 9 women delivered
preterm.
7
Liu et al. documented that among 13women, 7 had preterm
labour by CS; while the cause for preterm labour was not mentioned.
3
In a previous study regarding MERS, 3 of 11 pregnant ladies with
MERS were delivered preterm.
8,9
In a previous study on women with
COVID–19, they delivered within 2 weeks of start of symptoms,
the fetal growth isnot possible to be infected in this small time and
there were no available information regarding placental pathology till
now.
3,6,7,10
In pregnant women with SARS, when delivery was made after less
than one week of symptoms, placental pathology showed deposition
of fbrin but with no fetal growth restriction while when delivery was
made after fve to seven weeks, there was growth restriction avascular
villi and bleeding behind placenta and abruption.
11
Samples from umbilical cord blood amniotic fuid, neonatal throat
swab and breast milk showed no proof of CPVID-19 in 6 pregnancies
delivered by CS.
6
In a study made by Liu et al.
3
revealed that samples from 10
pregnancies showed delivered by CS showed no vertical transmission.
3
Moreover, there were no reported cases of vertical transmission
for SARS or MERS during gestation either when pregnancy ended
by vaginal route or by Cesarean section. Regarding neonatal outcome
in COVID-19 infection, in a study made by Chen et al.
6
no neonatal
problems were reported.
6
While Zhu et al.
7
revealed that in babies delivered at gestational
age (from 31 weeks); 6 out of 10 neonates were admitted to the
ICU for breathing maintenance, two had disseminated intravascular
coagulation (DIC) and one developed multi organ failure 4.
7
From the presently available documentations, an increase in the risk
of miscarriage in women afected by COVID-19 cannot be excluded
at this stage.
1
Delayed cord clamping is not advised by ISUOG nor by
China Consensus guidance to reduce risk of vertical transmission.
12
Recommendations from China reported that breast feeding should
not be ofered to infants of suspected or confrmed COVID -19 while
Centre for Disease Control and prevention guidance is less obvious
but they advise a cautionary recommendations.
13
Obstet Gynecol Int J. 2021;12(2):64‒67. 64
©2021 Alalfy et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.
Covid -19 during pregnancy, labour and postnatal: A
review article
Volume 12 Issue 2 - 2021
Mahmoud Alalfy,
1
Ahmed Elgazzar,
2
Osama
Azmy,
1
Ahmed Hassan
3
1
Reproductive health and family planning department, National
Research Centre, Egypt
2
Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Cairo University, Egypt
and Consultant OB/Gyn, Aljazeerah Hospital, Egypt
3
Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Helwan
University, Egypt
Correspondence: Mahmoud Alalfy, PhD, Reproductive health
and family planning department, National Research Centre,
Dokki, P.O 12622, Egypt. Affliation ID 60014618 and Consultant
OB/Gyn, Aljazeerah Hospital, Egypt, Tel +201002611058,
Email
Received: February 18, 2021 | Published: March 08, 2021
Abstract
Objectives: The aim was to make a review on COVID-19 during pregnancy to help in
establishment of management plans for pregnant women with corona virus and during
labour and postnatal care of the neonates.
Methods: Searches were made in PubMed to detect, recent studies regarding COVID–19
during pregnancy. Data were taken out from relevant manuscripts.
Conclusion: In comparison to MERS and SARS, COVID-19 seems less lethal, as regard to
the inadequate number of cases documented till now.
A low-molecular-weight heparin should be given for pregnant women with COVID-19 to
reduce the risk of thrombosis.
Keywords: pregnant, women, COVID-19–virus
Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal
Review Article
Open Access