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Chapter 2.44
The Use of Fuzzy Logic and
Expert Reasoning for
Knowledge Management and
Discovery of Financial
Reporting Fraud
Mary Jane Lenard
University of North Carolina – Greensboro, USA
Pervaiz Alam
Kent State University, USA
Copyright © 2008, IGI Global, distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI is prohibited.
ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the use of fuzzy cluster-
ing and expert reasoning for the identifcation of
frms whose fnancial statements are affected by
fraudulent fnancial reporting. For this purpose,
we developed a database consisting of fnancial
and nonfnancial variables that evaluated the risk
of fraud. The variables were developed using fuzzy
logic, which clusters the information into various
risk areas. Expert reasoning, implemented in an
Excel spreadsheet model, is then used as a form
of knowledge management to access the informa-
tion and develop the variables continuously over
the life of the company. At the conclusion of the
chapter, the authors discuss emerging trends and
future research opportunities. The combination
of fuzzy logic, expert reasoning and a statistical
tool is an innovative method to evaluate the risk
of fraudulent fnancial reporting.
INTRODUCTION
In the light of recent reporting of the alleged
fnancial reporting abuses in some of the major
publicly-held companies in the U.S. (e.g., Enron
and WorldCom), it has become increasingly im-
portant that management, auditors, analysts and
regulators be able to assess and identify fraudulent